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From residence to movement: The nature of racial segregation in everyday urban mobility

Author

Listed:
  • Jennifer Candipan

    (Brown University and Harvard University, USA)

  • Nolan Edward Phillips

    (Harvard University, USA)

  • Robert J Sampson

    (Harvard University, USA)

  • Mario Small

    (Harvard University, USA)

Abstract

While research on racial segregation in cities has grown rapidly over the last several decades, its foundation remains the analysis of the neighbourhoods where people reside. However, contact between racial groups depends not merely on where people live, but also on where they travel over the course of everyday activities. To capture this reality, we propose a new measure of racial segregation – the segregated mobility index (SMI) – that captures the extent to which neighbourhoods of given racial compositions are connected to other types of neighbourhoods in equal measure. Based on hundreds of millions of geotagged tweets sent by over 375,000 Twitter users in the 50 largest US cities, we show that the SMI captures a distinct element of racial segregation, one that is related to, but not solely a function of, residential segregation. A city’s racial composition also matters; minority group threat, especially in cities with large Black populations and a troubled legacy of racial conflict, appears to depress movement across neighbourhoods in ways that produce previously undocumented forms of racial segregation. Our index, which could be constructed using other data sources, expands the possibilities for studying dynamic forms of racial segregation including their effects and shifts over time.

Suggested Citation

  • Jennifer Candipan & Nolan Edward Phillips & Robert J Sampson & Mario Small, 2021. "From residence to movement: The nature of racial segregation in everyday urban mobility," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(15), pages 3095-3117, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:58:y:2021:i:15:p:3095-3117
    DOI: 10.1177/0042098020978965
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qi Wang & Nolan Edward Phillips & Mario L. Small & Robert J. Sampson, 2018. "Urban mobility and neighborhood isolation in America’s 50 largest cities," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 115(30), pages 7735-7740, July.
    2. David Wong & Shih-Lung Shaw, 2011. "Measuring segregation: an activity space approach," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 13(2), pages 127-145, June.
    3. Malia Jones & Anne Pebley, 2014. "Redefining Neighborhoods Using Common Destinations: Social Characteristics of Activity Spaces and Home Census Tracts Compared," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(3), pages 727-752, June.
    4. Scott South & Kyle Crowder & Jeremy Pais, 2011. "Metropolitan Structure and Neighborhood Attainment: Exploring Intermetropolitan Variation in Racial Residential Segregation," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 48(4), pages 1263-1292, November.
    5. Le Roux, Guillaume & Vallée, Julie & Commenges, Hadrien, 2017. "Social segregation around the clock in the Paris region (France)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 134-145.
    6. Farber, Steven & O'Kelly, Morton & Miller, Harvey J. & Neutens, Tijs, 2015. "Measuring segregation using patterns of daily travel behavior: A social interaction based model of exposure," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 26-38.
    7. Qunying Huang & David W. S. Wong, 2015. "Modeling and Visualizing Regular Human Mobility Patterns with Uncertainty: An Example Using Twitter Data," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 105(6), pages 1179-1197, November.
    8. Taylor Shelton & Ate Poorthuis, 2019. "The Nature of Neighborhoods: Using Big Data to Rethink the Geographies of Atlanta’s Neighborhood Planning Unit System," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 109(5), pages 1341-1361, September.
    9. Erin York Cornwell & Kathleen A Cagney, 2017. "Aging in Activity Space: Results From Smartphone-Based GPS-Tracking of Urban Seniors," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 72(5), pages 864-875.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jon Bannister & Anthony O’Sullivan, 2021. "Big Data in the city," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(15), pages 3061-3070, November.
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    3. Javanmard, Reyhane & Lee, Jinhyung & Kim, Junghwan & Liu, Luyu & Diab, Ehab, 2023. "The impacts of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) on social equity analysis of public transit reliability," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    4. Linnet Taylor, 2021. "The taming of chaos: Optimal cities and the state of the art in urban systems research," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(15), pages 3196-3202, November.

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