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Capture réglementaire en temps de pandémie. Le cas du remdesivir dans le cadre de la loi sur les médicaments orphelins
[Regulatory capture in times of pandemic: the case of remdesivir under the Orphan Drug Act]

Author

Listed:
  • Samira Guennif

Abstract

En pleine pandémie de covid-19, la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) accordait, en mars dernier, le statut de médicament orphelin au remdesivir, molécule brevetée par Gilead comme traitement contre le nouveau coronavirus. Ce faisant, l’entreprise obtenait une exclusivité commerciale de sept ans pour l’exploitation de son médicament sur le marché américain. Aussitôt, cette décision fut dénoncée comme un dévoiement en règle de l’Orphan Drug Act (ODA), administré par l’agence américaine du médicament sous l’influence de l’industrie pharmaceutique ; somme toute un cas type de capture réglementaire. Cet article se propose d’explorer le concept de capture réglementaire, en prenant appui sur les travaux développés dans le champ des sciences politiques et de l’économie politique (internationale), et en se fondant sur l’étude de cas du remdesivir. On y démontre qu’il existe de multiples captures autour d’un bien public : captures à la fois d’agence, statutaire, corrosive ou encore culturelle, pour puiser dans les travaux de Carpenter (2014) développés en rupture avec ceux de la théorie de la réglementation économique. Finalement, des recommandations sont formulées pour renforcer l’ODA et limiter sa vulnérabilité à la capture.

Suggested Citation

  • Samira Guennif, 2021. "Capture réglementaire en temps de pandémie. Le cas du remdesivir dans le cadre de la loi sur les médicaments orphelins [Regulatory capture in times of pandemic: the case of remdesivir under the Orp," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 29.
  • Handle: RePEc:rvr:journl:2021:17621
    DOI: 10.4000/regulation.17621
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    pandémie; santé publique; médicament; capture réglementaire; industrie pharmaceutique;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • K23 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
    • L12 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation

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