Analysis of the Development and Consolidation of the Banking System

According to the evolution of the Romanian economy in step with the development of the process of consolidation of the Romanian national state by the act of January 24, 1859, consecrated later by the Great Union from 1 December 1918 in the Romanian economic system the problem of credit emerged. Of course, with some delay from other states now members of the European Union, this financial category has emerged and developed in Romania in the most diverse forms. In this article, the authors intend to highlight the stages and periods Romania has experienced in the emergence and evolution of a banking system that in the first phase was called the Central Bank of Issuance and Credit and has developed step by step to today’s name , The National Bank of Romania, a term similar to the central bank of a country in Europe as this institution is usually called. Banks have emerged and developed differently from one historical period to another that Romania has traveled. Thus we can identify the period before the First World War, the interwar period, the restrictive period of the Second World War, then the banking system specific to the economized economy, which Romania traveled between 1945-1989. Then in 1990 we can talk about the banking system that has reorganized and developed under the conditions of the free market. Of course, the factors that have determined the emergence and development of the Romanian banking system are known and in this article the authors seek to specify the specificity that the evolution of the Romanian banking system had in all these periods. Always, in Romania, regardless of the period it has undergone in its socio-economic evolution in the banking field, it has raised the question of the existence of a central bank, regardless of the name, which has the main attribute of control and supervision of the commercial banking system, not to have too much slippage from the need for evolution of each of these economic activities pursued in the banking system. The authors emphasized the interpretation of some aspects related to the period 1930-1939, then to the communist system and later to the system after 1989, when the banking system acquired a new configuration and a new structure and in this context are presented a series Evidence of Evolution, the synchrope of the banking system, especially during 1999-2003, when some banks left the banking system but also strengthened by legislation closer to the market needs of this economy.