Technological Trends In The Development Of The Russian Economy: Opportunities And Limitations[Технологические Тренды Развития Российской Экономики: Возможности И Ограничения]

Introduction. Nowadays, the key threats to the development of the Russian economy are its technological lagging behind developed countries, its dependence on Western technologies, and the conservation of the catch-up development model. Limited opportunities for innovative development are also associated with low GDP, unfavorable rates of changes in GDP, which enhances the dependence of the Russian economy on the previous development path and existing unfavorable trends. In this context, it is important to study the economic and technological processes that have developed so far, and the expected ones, which make it possible to overcome the existing negative trends. The authors defined the aim of the study as identifying technological trends associated with using breakthrough technologies and searching for opportunities to enter the favorable trajectory of the country's economic development. Methods. A comparative analysis of the main international ratings of key sectors of the leading countries’ economy and the Russian Federation. The trend analysis of technological changes in the business sector of the Russian economy is also used. Scientific novelty of the study. The authors show the position of Russia in the global technological space (in the system of international ratings), which made it possible to determine the starting positions and technological gap in the country's development relative to leaders. It is noted that the key role in entering favorable development paths is associated with the entrepreneurial sector of the Russian economy. In this regard, the trends of technological changes in organizing the business sector were identified by such criteria as infrastructure, IT technologies, and organizations’ costs for ICT. The necessity of neutralizing the existing adverse trends and entering new development paths using breakthrough technologies is substantiated. Results. The study shows that Russia's place in the system of international ratings indicates the country's lag in technological development compared with the leading countries. The trend analysis makes it possible to describe the main trends of technological changes in the economy, to determine their nature (in direction, rate of change, etc.); to analyze the possibilities of strengthening favorable trends in the Russian economy. The authors propose scenario approaches to developing the country on the basis of prevailing and forecast technological trends. Conclusions. The study shows that there are weak starting positions and unfavorable trends in the development of the economy: a low rating of Russia's technological development, low growth rates and unstable dynamics of basic economic indicators. In this situation, implementing a breakthrough scenario is necessary, which will make it possible to achieve a positive effect from technological innovations.