Models of the role of personality in history: achievements and limits[Модели Роли Личности В Истории: Достижения И Пределы]

The author reconstructs the models of solving the problem of the role of personality in history formed in the history of philosophy: subjective, objective, synergetic (bifurcational), “challenge-and-response”. Their structure, strong and weak points, heuristic potential, and prospects are pointed out. There is a connection between the models of the role of personality in history and changes of scientific knowledge types (from classical science to neoclassical one). The author makes a conclusion that is necessary to synthesize basic principles of different models which is considered to be an important condition for adequate solution of the problem of the role of personality in history. To achieve his goals the author uses a combination of methods of modeling, synthesis, structural and functional analysis. The article is addressed to philosophers, anthropologists, scholars of the religion, historians, sociologists, and other scholars interested in the stated problem and its application to social-political and economic practice. It is also be useful for the development of science of power (cratology).