Russian Character In National Identity In Xix Century[Русский Характер В Национальном Самосознании Xix Века]

Introduction. In the context of the modern global confrontation between Russia and the collective West, the issues of knowledge and protection of Russian civilizational and culturalanthropological identity are extremely important. The contradictory searches by Russian thinkers of the 19th century for the essence of the Russian soul and Russian character have not lost their relevance today, for the confrontation between two lines of national identity: traditionalism (Slavophiles) and integralism (Westerners) continues in our time at all levels of Russian society, including, at the level of philosophical discourse. Methods. The article, based on the methodology of historical and philosophical analysis, examines how the problem of Russian cultural and anthropological identity (or Russian character) was solved in the confrontation between two main lines of Russian philosophical self-awareness: traditionalism and integralism in the 19th century. Analysis. The concepts of Russian cultural and anthropological identity of Westerners (P. Ya. Chaadaev and V. S. Solovyov), early Slavophiles (K. S. Aksakov, A. S. Khomyakov, I. V. Kireevsky) and late Slavophiles (N. Ya. Danilevsky, F. M. Dostoevsky). A fundamental difference in the approaches of Westerners and Slavophiles to comprehending the essence of the Russian national character has been established. If the Slavophiles built a portrait of a unique Russian cultural and anthropological identity, then Westerners substantiated the need to form a pan-European or panhuman cultural and anthropological identity among the Russian people. Conclusion. The struggle between alternative approaches of Slavophiles and Westerners to constructing the concept of Russian character, which began in the 19th century, became the starting point of subsequent discourse on Russian cultural and anthropological identity in the 20th century and up to our time. Therefore, a single, generally accepted portrait of the Russian character has not yet been developed in Russian philosophy.