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Environmental Regulation and the Informal Sector: Empirical Evidence - Legislazione ambientale ed economia sommersa: evidenze empiriche

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  • Mazhar, Ummad

    (Institute of Public Policy, Beaconhouse National University)

Abstract

Environmental regulation may remain incomplete in the presence of informal sector. Due to differences in environmental policies, institutional effectiveness and other demographic reasons, this incompleteness may be more damaging for developing countries than others. This paper investigates these hypotheses empirically. Using a data set of more than 100 countries and 26 low and middle income Asian countries from 2007 to 2010, we find robust negative effect of stringent environmental regulation on carbon emissions. However, taking account of the informal sector size weakens this link. In addition, we also investigate and find evidence that low and middle income Asian countries are different in terms of the effects of their environmental policies from the rest of the world. Our evidence suggests that stringent environmental regulation may increase both the informal sector size and (unrecorded) pollution. Interaction effects of various variables of interest are motivated and estimated. The limitations of the findings are also noted. - La legislazione ambientale può rimanere incompleta in presenza di economia sommersa. A causa delle differenze nelle legislazioni ambientali, nell’efficienza delle istituzioni e per altre ragioni demografiche, questa incompletezza può essere molto dannosa per i paesi in via di sviluppo. Nello studio vengono esaminate queste ipotesi dal punto di vista empirico. Utilizzando i dati relativi a più di 100 paesi nel periodo 2007-2010, è stato riscontrato un robusto effetto negativo delle legislazioni ambientali restrittive sulle emissioni di carbone. Se però si prendono in considerazione i settori dell’economia sommersa questo legame diminuisce. Inoltre questo studio ha riscontrato che nei paesi asiatici a basso e medio reddito gli effetti delle relative legislazioni ambientali si differenziano dal resto del mondo. Queste evidenze suggeriscono che legislazioni ambientali restrittive possono incrementare sia l’economia sommersa sia l’inquinamento non registrato. Vengono anche studiati gli effetti di interazione di diverse variabili e vengono evidenziate le limitazioni di questi risultati.

Suggested Citation

  • Mazhar, Ummad, 2014. "Environmental Regulation and the Informal Sector: Empirical Evidence - Legislazione ambientale ed economia sommersa: evidenze empiriche," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 67(4), pages 471-491.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0732
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Informal Economy; Environmental Regulation; Carbon Emissions; Pollution; Interaction Terms;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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