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The main characteristics of the structure and recent evolution of the North African model - Le principali caratteristiche della struttura e dell’evoluzione recente del modello di specializzazione commerciale dei paesi del nord-Africa

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to provide a succinct description of the specialisation model of four economies on the southern shores of the Mediterranean (Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia) and its recent evolution, concentrating in particular on the merchandise trade. The analysis shows, according to the data for the end of the last decade, that the comparative advantage of these countries appears to be greater in the traditional sectors, like the textile sector and the hydrocarbon sector (in the case of Algeria), while the non-traditional manufacturing industry has become important only in Tunisia (and to a lesser extent in Morocco). The sectors of comparative disadvantage differ very little between countries, as they are almost systematically concentrated in the engineering and iron and steel industries, and in the cereals sector. In dynamic terms, observing the period after 1995, Algeria is the country with the most persistent specialisation model (as it is represented almost totally by the energy sector), while Egypt is the country where the greatest changes in the sector distribution of comparative advantages are observed; these changes, however, appear to be essentially connected with a progressive and rapid loss of competitiveness in traditionally important sectors for the Egyptian economy (such as textiles and petroleum). - Obiettivo del presente lavoro è quello di fornire una descrizione sintetica del modello di specializzazione di quattro economie della sponda meridionale del Mediterraneo (Algeria, Egitto, Marocco e Tunisia) e della sua evoluzione recente, concentrandosi in particolare sul commercio di beni. Dall’analisi emerge che, secondo i dati relativi alla fine del decennio appena concluso, il grado di vantaggio comparato di questi paesi continua ad apparire più rilevante nei settori tradizionali, come quello tessile e nel settore degli idrocarburi (nel caso dell’Algeria), mentre l’industria manifatturiera non tradizionale ha acquisito rilievo solo in Tunisia (ed in minor misura in Marocco). I settori di svantaggio comparato presentano poche differenze fra paesi, essendo quasi sistematicamente concentrati nella meccanica, nella siderurgia e nel settore cerealicolo. Da un punto di vista dinamico, osservando il periodo successivo al 1995, l’Algeria risulta il paese con il modello di specializzazione caratterizzato da maggiore persistenza (essendo quasi totalmente rappresentato dal settore energetico), mentre è nel caso dell’Egitto che si osservano i mutamenti maggiori nella distribuzione settoriale dei vantaggi comparati; tuttavia, tali mutamenti sembrano essenzialmente legati ad una progressiva e rapida perdita di competitività in settori tradizionalmente importanti per l’economia egiziana (come quello tessile e quello petrolifero).

Suggested Citation

  • Marino, Andrea, 2013. "The main characteristics of the structure and recent evolution of the North African model - Le principali caratteristiche della struttura e dell’evoluzione recente del modello di specializzazione comm," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 66(2), pages 251-284.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0682
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    Keywords

    Trade Specialization; Economic Integration; North Africa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • O55 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Africa

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