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Éléments de comparaison des régimes d’assurance-chômage canadien et américain

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  • Nyahoho, Emmanuel

    (Ministère de la Main-d’Oeuvre et de la Sécurité du revenu)

Abstract

Canada-USA Free Trade Agreement has created some controversies over its effect on manpower-policies and programs such as Unemployment Insurance which is one of the most distinguished social measure against job's precarity. In order to bring some insight on these issues, this text offers a comparative analysis of the UI compensation's system in Canada and the United States. While the US system was introduced in 1935, five years before Canada's, it has the distinction of being less generous both in duration and amount of benefits and in admissibility criteria. One key difference is that Canadian workers pay a significant part of the cost of financing their system while their American counterparts are generally exempted except in a limited number of States. Here it is argued that, despite the generosity of the Canadian system, it can continue to coexist with the diverse array of systems in American States, which display strong regional preferences. L’Accord de libre-échange Canada-États-Unis a donné lieu à plusieurs controverses sur le recentrage des politiques de main-d’oeuvre dont, en particulier, le régime d’assurance-chômage qui constitue une des mesures les plus déterminantes de lutte contre la précarité de l’emploi. Pour éclairer le débat, nous avons choisi de procéder à une analyse comparative du régime d’assurance-chômage au Canada et aux États-Unis. Il est observé que le système américain instauré en 1935 (soit cinq ans avant le Canada) a la particularité d’être moins généreux de par la durée, le montant de prestation ainsi que par les critères d’admissibilité. Mais le travailleur canadien défraie une partie importante du coût du financement du régime alors que le salarié américain en est généralement exempté, sauf dans un nombre restreint d’États. On explique ici que, malgré cette générosité, le système canadien peut sûrement coexister dans la diversité des régimes des États américains qui témoignent des préférences régionales solidement ancrées.

Suggested Citation

  • Nyahoho, Emmanuel, 1991. "Éléments de comparaison des régimes d’assurance-chômage canadien et américain," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 67(2), pages 241-251, juin.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:67:y:1991:i:2:p:241-251
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    1. Natalie A. Davila & William A. Testa, 1989. "Unemployment insurance and regional economic development," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, vol. 13(Mar), pages 2-15.
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