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The Biological Determinism: Implications of Biological Perspective on Pakhtuns’ Criminal and Violent Instinct: A Literary and Empirical Argument

Author

Listed:
  • Waseem Khan

    (Lecturer, Department of Sociology, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)

  • Jamil Khan

    (Lecturer, Department of Sociology, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)

  • Tabinda Rani

    (Lecturer, Department of Law, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan)

  • Arab Naz

    (Dean Faculty of Social Sciecnes, University of Mlalakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)

Abstract

Criminality has been determined and considered as a behavioral deviation of degeneracy having diverse and dynamic patterns integrated and originated from the individual and the social structure. There exists a hot debate among the social scientists and experts in biology pertaining to the patterns behind criminality especially violence. The Lombroso's "born criminal" theory has been heavily debated and confounded by the social researchers, drawing the attention towards social forces influencing criminality. This research is an attempt to understand, diagnose and apply the patterns discussed and elaborated in biological perspective regarding formation of the criminal instincts. The study is framed under the argumentative and library research accumulated with the empirical advents, examples and social facts existing in the very society of Pakhtuns. The study finds that the principles of biological theory especially Lombrosian and Sheldon’s approach have marked existence in creation of violent masculinities among Pakhtuns. The article provides an insight about the basic principles of biological theory, along-with criticism of such perspective and contrarily implications of its principles on Pakhtuns’ men.

Suggested Citation

  • Waseem Khan & Jamil Khan & Tabinda Rani & Arab Naz, 2022. "The Biological Determinism: Implications of Biological Perspective on Pakhtuns’ Criminal and Violent Instinct: A Literary and Empirical Argument," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(4), pages 331-334, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:rfh:jprjor:v:8:y:2022:i:4:p:331-334
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mohamad Kassem & Amjad Ali & Marc Audi, 2019. "Unemployment Rate, Population Density and Crime Rate in Punjab (Pakistan): An Empirical Analysis," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(2), pages 92-104, June.
    2. Ayesha Haider & Amjad Ali, 2015. "Socio-Economic Determinants of Crimes: A Cross-Sectional Study of Punjab Districts," International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research (IJEER), The Economics and Social Development Organization (TESDO), vol. 3(11), pages 550-560, November.
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