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La récession de 1993 réexaminée

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  • Pierre-Alain Muet

Abstract

[fre] Si la récession du début des années quatre-vingt-dix dans les pays anglo-saxons, ou encore celle du Japon en 1993, résultent principalement d'une crise financière, celle de fin 1992-début 1993 en Europe continentale fut au contraire la conséquence de politiques monétaires excessivement restrictives, qui transformèrent la phase de ralentissement que connaissaient alors les partenaires de l'Allemagne en dépression. La première partie de l'article examine les principales caractéristiques des récessions qui ont affecté les pays industrialisés au cours des trois dernières années. La seconde s'appuie sur le modèle Mundell-Fleming élargi pour illustrer la gestion particulièrement inefficace de la réunification allemande par les pays européens et notamment la France. On montre que, dès lors que l'Allemagne tentait d'éliminer l'inflation résultant du choc de demande de la réunification par une politique monétaire restrictive, l'appréciation réelle du mark était inévitable. Celle-ci aurait pu être réalisée par une appréciation nominale qui aurait atténué en France la phase de ralentissement économique ; mais, avec une parité fixe franc-mark, la désinflation désirée par la Bundesbank ne pouvait que provoquer une déflation française. [eng] The 1993 recession revisited Pierre-Alain Muet If the recessions at the beginning of the 90s in the English speaking countries or in Japan in 1993 were mainly the result of a financial crisis, the recession during the winter of 1992-1993 in Continental Europe was due to excessively restrictive monetary policies, which transformed the economic downturn into recession. The first part of this paper examines the main characteristics of recessions which affected the industrialised countries during the last three years. The second part, based on an extended Mundell-Fleming model, illustrates the inefficient way in which european countries, especially France, dealt with German reunification. We show that when Germany tried to reduce the inflation due to fiscal expansion by restrictive monetary policy, the real appreciation of the mark was unavoidable. This could have been achieved by a nominal appreciation which would have attenuated the downturn in France. But since the franc was tied to the mark, the disinflation sought after by Germany could only lead to a deflationnary impact in France.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre-Alain Muet, 1994. "La récession de 1993 réexaminée," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 49(1), pages 103-123.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1994_num_49_1_1363
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1994.1363
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1994.1363
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    1. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5637 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Jacques H.Drèze & Edmond Malinvaud & Paul De Grauwe & Louis Gevers & Alexander Italianer & Olivier Lefebvre & Maurice Marchand & Henri Sneessens & Alfred Steinherr & Paul Champsaur & Jean-Michel Charp, 1994. "Croissance et emploi : l'ambition d'une initiative européenne," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 49(1), pages 247-288.
    3. Hélène Harasty & Jacques Le Cacheux, 1994. "L'Italie : rigueur sans récession ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(1), pages 107-129.
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