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La Russie en transition

Author

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  • Frédéric Lerais

Abstract

[fre] Cet article se propose de discuter de la dynamique de la transition de la Russie vers une économie de marché. Si, depuis 1987, les réformes se sont succédées pour tenter d'améliorer la situation économique, celles-ci ont jusqu'à présent entraîné de nombreux déséquilibres. En 1992, suite à l'éclatement de l'Union Soviétique, la Russie s'est s'engagée dans des réformes radicales qui rappellent celles entreprises dans les anciennes démocraties populaires. A court terme, les effets en seront aussi similaires : hausse du chômage, hausse des prix, baisse du pouvoir d'achat des revenus, réduction de la demande adressée aux entreprises. La désorganisation de la production est aggravée par les tensions entre les Républiques. A moyen terme, la croissance dépendra en grande partie du renouvellement d'un capital obsolète, grâce à l'importation de biens d'équipements modernes. Pour cerner les effets d'un tel renouvellement, nous avons construit une maquette décrivant l'économie russe en deux secteurs en déséquilibre. Parmi les principaux résultats, on retiendra que si une aide permet d'améliorer la croissance, une ouverture accrue des partenaires de la Russie aux produits traditionnels serait encore plus favorable car elle allégerait les contraintes de débouchés qui pèsent sur le secteur traditionnel en déclin, tout en autorisant des importations de biens d'équipement modernes. [eng] Russia in Transition. Frédéric Lerais. This paper deals with the Russian transition towards a market economy. Since 1987, many reforms were attempted to improve its economic situation, but they led to large disequilibria. From the time of the break up of the USSR, Russia has launched radical reforms like those of Eastern European countries. In the short run, the negative effects will also be similar to those of its neighbours : prices will rise and real incomes will fall so that demand will constrain firms' output. Moreover, the output disruption will be worsened by conflicts between the Republics. In the long run, growth will mainly rely on the modernisation through imports of investment goods from western countries. To understand the effect of such modernisation and perspectives we have built a model of the Russian economy with two sectors : a traditional one and modern one which relies on western investment goods. The main results are that aid to import investment goods would help Russian growth, but a more favorable effect could be achieved by a boom in traditional exports.

Suggested Citation

  • Frédéric Lerais, 1992. "La Russie en transition," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 42(1), pages 135-158.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1992_num_42_1_1291
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1992.1291
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1992.1291
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