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L'Europe se crée des besoins

Author

Listed:
  • Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE
  • Philippe Sigogne
  • Monique Fouet
  • Jacques Adda
  • Olivier Passet
  • Véronique Riches
  • Françoise Milewski
  • Pascal Garaude

Abstract

[eng] Though Europe is indeed going through an activity slowdown, it could stand as the most dynamic area during the next two years. It will probably benefit from the opening of eastern Europe whereas the United States, still entangled in their twin deficits, are reaching the end of business cycle and Japan is facing financial disorders. Germany will act as locomotive for Europe. Both the fiscal reform and the reunification will push its internal demand up. It will therefore export less and import more. But on the other hand, its restrictive mone tary policy will impose itself upon other countries. There, as capacity utilisation rates are still high, exports will somewhat evict internal demand. Consequently, productions will slow down while current accounts will improve. Production and imports will become less dynamic in Asian developing countries, as they will be hampered by the american slowdown. But OPEC countries will increase their imports. All in all, world trade will decelerate but along geographical pattern that will benefit Europe in general and France in particular. France is still pursuing goals of balanced current account and a reduced budget deficit. Economic policy being moderately restrictive, household's consumption will decelerate. Faced with gradually weaker final demand and renewal of financial difficulties, firms will not increase their capital expenditures as fast as in 1989. The rate of growth of production will diminish in 1990 and pick up in 1991. As the labour market is relatively flexible, job creation will rapidly adapt to the fluctuations of production. Thus productivity will increase, but so will unemployment. [fre] L'Europe, quoique traversant effectivement une phase de ralentissement conjoncturel, pourrait être au cours des deux prochaines années le pôle de dynamisme de l'économie mondiale. Elle se trouve en effet face à des États-Unis arrivés en fin de cycle et embourbés dans leurs déficits et face à un Japon pénalisé par des dérèglements financiers. Elle est par ailleurs potentiellement dynamisée par ouverture à l'Est. La RFA jouera un rôle de locomotive en Europe. Sa demande intérieure sera soutenue par la réforme fiscale et par la réuni fication. Elle exportera moins et importera plus. Toutefois sa politique monétaire restrictive influencera celle des autres pays européens. Pour ceux-ci, dans un contexte de capacités productives encore saturées, les exportations y évinceront les demandes intérieures. Il y aura donc en 1990 un ralentissement de l'activité en même temps qu'une amélioration des soldes courants. Le moindre dynamisme des pays asiatiques, lié notamment au ralentissement nord-américain, sera en partie compensé par le redressement de la demande de l'OPEP. Le commerce mondial décélérera, mais selon une structure géographique moins désavantageuse à l'Europe en général et à la France en particulier. La France continuera à se fixer des objectifs de quasi-équilibre de sa balance courante et de réduction de son déficit budgétaire. Avec une politique modérément restrictive, cela implique une décé- lération de la demande des ménages. Face à un ralentissement des débouchés globaux et à l'apparition de difficultés de financement, l'investissement productif enregistrera lui aussi un ralentissement de son taux de progression. La croissance de la production fléchira en 1990 et se redressera légèrement en 1991. Le délai d'ajustement des effectifs à la production étant court en raison de la précarisation du marché du travail, cela permettra à la productivité de se redresser mais le taux de chômage élèvera.

Suggested Citation

  • Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE & Philippe Sigogne & Monique Fouet & Jacques Adda & Olivier Passet & Véronique Riches & Françoise Milewski & Pascal Garaude, 1990. "L'Europe se crée des besoins," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 31(1), pages 5-65.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1990_num_31_1_1667
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1990.1667
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1990.1667
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