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Quels lendemains à une conjoncture extérieure sans précédent ? Des références historiques au service d'une prospective

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  • Jean-Marcel Jeanneney

Abstract

[fre] La concomitance des baisses récentes des prix des matières premières, de celui du pétrole et du cours du dollar est sans précédent, tout au moins en période de croissance économique. Un inventaire des périodes où de telles baisses ont eu lieu, remontant jusqu'en 1860, le montre. . La conjoncture actuelle est donc une anomalie. Ses effets bénéfiques à l'économie française seront-ils éphémères ou bien ouvrent-ils la voie, grâce à des niveaux de prix durablement plus favorables, à une nouvelle ère d'expansion économique ? . Les tendances séculaires des prix réels des matières premières et du pétrole sont à la baisse, mais avec d'amples fluctuations. Actuellement les prix des matières premières sont très au-dessous de la tendance et celui du pétrole très au- dessus. Une analyse des facteurs qui permettent d'expliquer les variations de prix réels — progrès techniques, liquidités monétaires mondiales, ententes entre producteurs, nature de la croissance incorporant plus ou moins de matières premières et d'énergie — conduit à penser que les prix des matières premières, même s'ils se relèvent, ne rejoindront probablement pas la ligne de tendance et que celui du pétrole, qui, descendu à 15 $ le baril, est encore élevé, ne remontera pas autant qu'on le pense communément. . Cela devrait permettre une croissance plus forte des économies développées, mais à condition qu'un certain ordre économique mondial soit instauré par une coopération internationale et que les PVD producteurs de matières premières ne comptent plus sur des exportations accrues de celles-ci comme base de leur développement. Faute de quoi l'avenir serait sombre. [eng] Never before did the prices of raw materials, the price of oil and exchange rate of the dollar decline all at the same time while growth was prevailing. A review of such declines, conducted over the starting 1860, shows that the present situation is abnormal. Will its consequences on the french economy be transient ? Or do they open path for sustained economic growth based upon more favorable levels ? . Real prices of raw materials and oil are declining in the very long but such trends are affected by large short-term fluctuations. At the time, the real prices of raw materials are below their trends but the price oil is well above its own. Several factors must be taken into account in to understand these movements : technical progress, cartellization of markets, energy and raw materials consumption per Gdp unit. They that raw material prices will probably not be able to reach their trend even they surge somewhat, while the price of oil, having fallen to 15 $/bl, will increase as much as is usually thought. . This should enable developed economies to enjoy faster growth, under one condition. Worldwide economic order must be instored international economic cooperation, and the LDC currently producing materials must not rely upon exports of such goods as a basis for development. Should this fail to be achieved, the future would look gloomy.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Marcel Jeanneney, 1986. "Quels lendemains à une conjoncture extérieure sans précédent ? Des références historiques au service d'une prospective," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 16(1), pages 151-179.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1986_num_16_1_1066
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1986.1066
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1986.1066
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