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Royaume-Uni : croissance lente et poursuite de l'assainissement

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  • Vincent Radisson

Abstract

[fre] A l'arrivée de Mme Thatcher aux affaires en mars 1979, le Royaume-Uni, sous la pression de politiques monétaires et budgétaires restrictives entre en récession avant les autres pays et malgré le bénéfice essentiel de l'exploitation pétrolière. Au printemps 1981, le relâchement de la contraction monétaire permet à l'économie de récupérer une partie du terrain perdu ; depuis ce moment l'activité progresse de 2 % par an mais n'a pas rejoint le niveau de production de ses partenaires européens. Cette croissance a été due principalement à la hausse de la consommation des ménages, elle-même rendue possible par la réduction du taux d'épargne. La modération des salaires et de forts gains de productivité, acquis au détriment de l'emploi ont ralenti la hausse des prix. Les profits réalisés par les entreprises au premier semestre 1983, ont récemment permis une reprise de l'investissement productif. En 1984 la croissance du PIB sera vraisemblablement de 2 % en moyenne sur l'année, l'essentiel étant acquis au premier semestre. La consommation des ménages progressera plus modestement qu'en 1983, tandis que le taux de croissance des importations restera élevé et que le restockage sera modéré. Les industries exportatrices profiteront de la reprise de la demande mondiale, mais ne regagneront pas les parts de marché perdues. L'investissement dans le secteur des services sera encore soutenu. La politique budgétaire restrictive devrait permettre une légère baisse des taux d'intérêt ce qui inciterait l'industrie manufacturière à investir, condition pour que la reprise se prolonge. En annexes : prévisions quantitatives et diagrammes de base. [eng] With Mrs. Thatcher's taking of office in March 1979, the United Kingdom, under the pressure of restrictive monetary and budgetary policies, entered into a recession before the other industrialised countries despite the benefit of oil. In the spring of 1981, the slight relaxation of monetary policy allowed the economy to recover some lost ground. For more than two years, UK activity has been increasing at an annual rate of 2 %, but still falls short of European production levels. This growth was due principally to the increase in consumer spending, in turn made possible by the drop in the saving ratio. Moderate wage settlements and significant gains in productivity, obtained to the detriment of employment, slowed the increase in prices. Business profits, which improved in the first six months of 1983, have recently allowed a recovery of investment. In 1984, average annual GDP growth will be about 2 %, for the most part obtained in the first six months. Consumer spending will progress more moderately in 1984, while the rate of growth of imports will remain high and the increase in inventories moderate. Export industries will profit from the recovery of world demand, but will not win b&ck market shares. Investment in the service sector will still be strong. The restrictive budgetary policy should permit a slight lowering of interest rates, encouraging manufacturing investment which will be essential in prolonging the recovery. Appendices : forecast results and basic charts.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincent Radisson, 1984. "Royaume-Uni : croissance lente et poursuite de l'assainissement," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 6(1), pages 5-37.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1984_num_6_1_965
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1984.965
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1984.965
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