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Les contraintes de l'assainissement

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  • Philippe Sigogne
  • Monique Fouet

Abstract

[eng] It seems that we have reached the trough of the recession. None the less, a revival of world economic activity can hardly be expected in the coming months. Owing to the financial adjustments undertaken in many countries, the ground lost over recent months will only be recovered slowly. Moreover, economic policies must remain tight in the face of fierce competition on sluggish world markets. Domestic demand in OECD countries is therefore unlikely to be buoyant while the austerity imposed on developing countries will continue to curb their imports. France is particularly handicapped by present exchange rates which simultaneously increase the cost of imports and reduce competitivity. Economic policy has recently moved towards redressing certain weaknesses in the structure of foreign trade brought to light by the devaluation in June. The rise in production costs has been stemmed and the freezing of both prices and incomes should prevent any sudden worsening of the financial difficulties of the corporate sector. Recently adopted measures should rectify the pattern of income distribution and reduce the foreign trade deficit, though activity may suffer. However, in the present environment, the end result is more likely to be a breathing-space than a return to full industrial competitivity. [fre] Ni franche reprise, ni dépression : l'activité économique mondiale semble, à l'automne 1982, devoir se stabiliser puis effacer lentement les pertes des trimestres récents. Car l'effort d'assainissement que certains pays ont entrepris atteint les autres et les condamne tous à l'expectative. L'acuité de la concurrence sur un marché mondial en stagnation rend cette rigueur d'autant plus nécessaire à chacun : l'austérité imposée aux pays en développement continuera à brider leurs importations, tandis que les politiques économiques appliquées dans les pays de l'OCDE n'y stimuleront guère la demande intérieure. La France est particulièrement pénalisée par la configuration actuelle des changes qui renchérit ses importations et ampute sa compétitivité. La dévaluation de juin a mis en évidence certaines faiblesses structurelles de nos échanges extérieurs. La politique économique vient d'accomplir un premier pas pour tenter d'y remédier : la hausse des charges qui pèsent sur les entreprises est freinée ; le blocage simultané des prix et des rémunérations évite d'aggraver brutalement leurs difficultés financières. Les mesures récentes vont corriger le partage des revenus et réduire le déficit extérieur au prix d'une pause de l'activité. Les résultats risquent toutefois d'être encore insuffisants pour rendre à l'industrie sa compétitivité dans l'environnement présent; ils permettent seulement d'attendre.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Sigogne & Monique Fouet, 1982. "Les contraintes de l'assainissement," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 2(1), pages 5-41.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1982_num_2_1_924
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1982.924
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1982.924
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