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Discrimination et libéralisation : les femmes sur le marché du travail dans la Chine urbaine

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  • Martin Fournier
  • Sylvie Démurger
  • Yi Chen

Abstract

[fre] Cet article examine les déterminants des différentiels salariaux entre hommes et femmes sur le marché du travail urbain en Chine pour l’année 1995 à l’aide d’une extension des méthodes de décomposition de type Oaxaca-Blinder. La libéralisation qu’a connue la Chine au cours de son processus de réforme sert d’expérience naturelle unique pour tester la relation entre concurrence et discrimination à l’encontre des femmes. En exploitant l’hétérogénéité des comportements par type de propriété d’entreprises, nous mettons tout d’abord en évidence des différences de distribution hommes/ femmes entre les entreprises, les femmes étant surreprésentées dans les entreprises collectives où les salaires offerts sont substantiellement plus faibles. Les résultats des décompositions montrent par ailleurs un niveau de discrimination plus élevé au sein des entreprises à capitaux uniquement chinois (entreprises d’Etat et entreprises collectives), ce qui plaide en faveur de l’idée que la recherche d’efficacité des entreprises à capitaux étrangers, plus fortement soumises aux mécanismes de marché, entraîne un affaiblissement des rigidités et une baisse de la discrimination. [eng] Discrimination and Liberalisation : Women in Chinese Urban Labor Market. . Using an extended version of Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methods, this paper analyses the determinants of earnings differentials between men and women in China’s urban labour market in 1995. The liberalization process that characterizes China’s evolution during its reform process is used as a unique natural experiment to test the relationship between competition and discrimination against women. By using heterogeneous behaviours between enterprises of different ownership, we first show that part of the observed wage differential arises from women being over-represented in collective enterprises where wages are substantially lower. Moreover, decomposition results show stronger discrimination against women in domestic enterprises (both Stateowned collective enterprises). This supports the hypothesis that the search for efficiency in foreign-invested firms that are more subjected to market mechanisms, tends to encourage flexibility and lower discrimination.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Fournier & Sylvie Démurger & Yi Chen, 2009. "Discrimination et libéralisation : les femmes sur le marché du travail dans la Chine urbaine," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 24(1), pages 207-238.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_2009_num_24_1_1725
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.2009.1725
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.2009.1725
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