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Expérimentations par la pensée, analyses contrefactuelles et comparatives

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  • Paul Dragos Aligica
  • Anthony J. Evans

Abstract

[fre] Cet article porte sur le problème des expérimentations par la pensée dans la théorie autrichienne et prend comme point de départ l’argument de Lawrence Moss sur la division entre les économistes autrichiens de l’ancienne génération - pour lesquels les expérimentations par la pensée étaient centrales -et ceux de la nouvelle génération qui, d’après Moss, ont « abandonné » de telles méthodes. Cet article se propose à la fois de combler ce prétendu fossé et de contribuer au développement de la méthodologie autrichienne. Nous défendons l’idée selon laquelle ce qui pourrait être perçu comme un « abandon » soutient plutôt qu’exclut le rôle des expérimentations par la pensée dans le paradigme autrichien. L’article identifie une famille complète de stratégies de recherche d’analyses comparatives et contre-factuelles ouvertes aux autrichiens qui reposent toutes sur de solides bases épistémologiques et méthodologiques. Le modèle d’analyse comparative et contre-factuelle associe les histoires conjecturales, les ordres spontanés et l’étude empirique de l’analyse autrichienne contemporaine à la tradition classique des travaux plus anciens. Par conséquent, la récente évolution du courant autrichien ne doit pas être perçue comme une aberration mais comme un développement délibéré, naturel et digne d’intérêt. [eng] Thought Experiments, Counter Facturals and Comparative Analysis. . This article discusses the problem of "thought experiments" in Austrian economics and takes as a starting point Lawrence Moss’ argument on the divide between the older Austrian economists - for whom thought experiments were crucial - and the new generation that, in Moss’ view, has "abandoned" such methods. The article is an attempt not only to bridge this alleged divide but also to contribute to the development of the Austrian methodology. It is argued that what may be perceived as "abandonment" bolsters rather than precludes the role of thought experiments in the Austrian paradigm. The article identifies an entire family of comparative and counterfactual analysis research strategies available to the Austrians, all enjoying a solid epistemological and methodological grounding. The "comparative-counterfactual analytics" pattern threads together the conjectural histories, spontaneous orders and empirical case studies of the contemporary Austrians, with the classic tradition of older works. Consequently the recent evolution of Austrian scholarship should not be seen as an aberration or abandonment, but as a deliberate, natural and commendable development.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul Dragos Aligica & Anthony J. Evans, 2008. "Expérimentations par la pensée, analyses contrefactuelles et comparatives," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 22(4), pages 45-71.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_2008_num_22_4_1715
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.2008.1715
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.2008.1715
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