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Vers une analyse économique des politiques publiques des drogues ?

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  • Sylvaine Poret

Abstract

[fre] Syivaine Poret Vers une analyse économique des politiques publiques des drogues ? Cet article présente l'évolution des politiques publiques en matière de drogues en mettant en évidence l'introduction progressive des arguments économiques dans l'analyse. Après des siècles de production et de consommation, quelques substances psycho- actives ont été peu à peu stigmatisées. Pour certains produits, au cours de la première moitié du XXe siècle, la prohibition est alors devenue le modèle international. Les justifications de cette politique ont évolué au cours du temps, du paternalisme à la disparition des externalités causées par les drogues. Nous distinguerons les externalités en termes de santé et de violence, mais aussi en fonction de leurs causes réelles. Le relatif échec des politiques publiques fortement répressives menées dans de nombreux pays depuis trois décennies pose certaines questions quant à leur efficacité et avive le débat entre prohibition et légalisation, dont les termes seront discutés. [eng] Towards an Economic Analysis of Drug Public Policies? This article presents the evolution of drugs policies by highlighting the progressive introduction of the economic arguments into the analysis. After centuries of production and consumption, some psychoactive substances were little by little denounced. For some products, during the first half of the nineteenth century, prohibition became the international model. The justifications of this policy evolved during time, from paternalism to the disappearance of the externalities related to drugs. These externalities in terms of health and violence are exposed and are distinguished according to their real causes. The relative inefficiency of repressive public policies, followed in many countries for three decades, has intensified the debate between prohibition and legalization. The terms of this debate are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Sylvaine Poret, 2006. "Vers une analyse économique des politiques publiques des drogues ?," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 20(4), pages 161-203.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_2006_num_20_4_1587
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.2006.1587
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.2006.1587
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