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La privatisation dans les pays en développement : qu'avons-nous appris ?

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  • Patrick Plane

Abstract

[fre] Les pays en développement sont engagés dans un processus de privatisation. Les fondements économiques de ces politiques se trouvent aussi bien au niveau microéconomique que macroéconomique. En étoffant leur secteur parapublic, de nombreux pays en développement espéraient une amélioration de leur efficacité économique et par suite, une accélération de leur rythme de croissance. Rétrospectivement, ces attentes ont été déçues. Les secteurs parapublics trop étendus ont été au contraire une source de déséquilibre interne et externe. La privatisation a pris corps sous différentes formes et a connu une intensité variable selon les zones de développement. En Asie le succès a été significatif sur toute la période 1988-1992. Le mouvement a été en revanche de taille modeste en Afrique subsaharienne. Cette différence dans l'allure des programmes s'explique par des facteurs économiques mais également par des facteurs politiques et institutionnels. [eng] Developing countries are involved in a privatisation process. The economical basis of these policies are as much on a microeconomic than on a macroeconomic level. By enlarging the parapublic sector many developing economies were hoping for an improvement in economic efficiency and then more economic growth. Looking back, these hopes were dashed. The parapublic sectors became too large, hindered the expected growth and brought about internal and external imbalances. Over the 1988-1992 period, privatisation developed in different forms and varied according to developing areas. The process was successful in Asia and of moderate size in subsa- haran countries. This difference in pace of privatisation programmes could be explained by economical factors and also by institutional and political factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Plane, 1994. "La privatisation dans les pays en développement : qu'avons-nous appris ?," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 9(2), pages 147-185.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_1994_num_9_2_955
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.1994.955
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.1994.955
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