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Le modèle britannique (1979-1986)

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  • Jean-Jacques Santini

Abstract

[eng] Since 1979 a monetarist macroeconomic policy has been conducted in the United Kingdom. Defined by the conservative governement as soon as it came into power, the medium term financial strategy (M.T.F.S.) has so changed, at least theoretically, the nature of the economic policy since the Second World War. This article tries to analyse this strategy. It presents its logic, the main policies used, the obstacles they «faced» and the results they attained. This leads to two main conclusions. First, the strategy could not be considered as a pure illustration of the monetarists "remedies": the strict application of the M.T.F.S., which was claimed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, turned into a very "pragmatic" form after the first years of government meanwhile the economic datas were not consistent with the monetarist theory. Then, the results of this policy appear unclear. On the one hand the growth has been faster than before, the inflation has been lowered and the current account, traditionally negative, has shown a surplus but, on the other hand, the M.T.F.S. has dramatically increased the unemployment during the first years of its application and, despite the recent improvement observed, does not seem to be able to reduce the high level of British unemployment [fre] Depuis 1979 a été mise en oeuvre au Royaume-Uni une politique macro-économique d'inspiration monétariste. Définie par le gouvernement conservateur des son arrivée au pouvoir, la stratégie financière à moyen terme a ainsi transformé, au moins en théorie, la nature de la politique économique par rapport au mode de régulation adopté depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Cet article tente d'analyser cette stratégie en présentant sa logique, les principales politiques sur laquelle elle repose, les obstacles auxquels elle s'est heurtée et les résultats obtenus. Au terme de cette étude deux conclusions principales paraissent se dégager : . — la politique adoptée ne peut être considérée comme une illustration «pure» des recettes monétaristes, l'application de la stratégie financière à moyen terme, stricte dans l'affichage donné par les pouvoirs publics, étant en fait devenue très pragmatique après les toutes premières années de gouvernement tandis que les enchaînements économiques observés étaient peu conformes aux schémas monétaristes; . — le bilan de cette politique apparaît contrasté : d'une part les résultats enregistrés, très positifs au regard des évolutions passées, en particulier en matière de croissance, de commerce extérieur et d'inflation, semblent néanmoins encore fragiles ; d'autre part la politique adoptée a eu un prix élevé en termes d'emplois au cours de ses premières années d'application et, en dépit de l'amélioration observée au cours des derniers mois, ne paraît pas aujourd'hui en mesure de réduire significativement le niveau élevé du chômage britannique.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Jacques Santini, 1988. "Le modèle britannique (1979-1986)," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 3(2), pages 39-89.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_1988_num_3_2_1177
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.1988.1177
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.1988.1177
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