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L'Europe et le monde colonial. De l'apogée des empires à l'après-décolonisation

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  • Bouda Etemad

Abstract

[fre] La veille de la seconde guerre mondiale correspond à l'apogée des empires. À cette date, les possessions d'outre-mer de l'Europe atteignent, par leur superficie et leur population, des dimensions sans précédent. L'intensité des liens commerciaux entre métropoles et colonies est à son maximum. Les empires occupent les premiers rangs dans les avoirs extérieurs de l'Europe colonisatrice. Mais ces tendances, amorcées depuis le début du XIXe siècle, s'inversent rapidement après la décolonisation. Sans déclencher toutefois de graves crises dans les économies métropolitaines. Aujourd'hui, quarante ans après leur émancipation politique, les ex-colonies d'Asie, d'Afrique et des Caraïbes ont cessé d'être des partenaires commerciaux de choix et des lieux privilégiés de placement de capitaux pour une Europe en voie d'unification. Par ailleurs, les troubles liés à la décolonisation ont obligé la quasi-totalité des Européens de souche, ainsi que les Européens nés dans ces colonies, à les quitter et à se replier sur les métropoles. Par un autre renversement de tendance, le Vieux Continent est devenu une terre d'émigration pour les ex-sujets d'empire. [eng] Europe and the colonial world. From the apogee of empires to after decolonization. . The pre-World War II period corresponds to the apogee of empires. In terms of area and population, Europe's oversea possessions reached then unprecedented dimensions. Trade relations between home countries and their colonies were at their peak. Its empires were colonizing Europe's best foreign assets. Nevertheless these trends, that started since the beginning of the 19th century, reversed rapidly following decolonization, yet without starting serious crises in home countries economies. Nowadays, fourty years after their political emancipation, the former colonies of Asia, Africa and Caribbeans are no longer privileged trade partners and capital investment places for integrating Europe. Furthermore, decolonization-linked tensions led the nearly totality of "ethnic" Europeans and the colony-born Europeans to leave them withdrawing back to home countries. In a reverse trend, the old Continent became emigration land for the former subjects of colonial empires.

Suggested Citation

  • Bouda Etemad, 2000. "L'Europe et le monde colonial. De l'apogée des empires à l'après-décolonisation," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 51(2), pages 257-268.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_2000_num_51_2_410511
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.2000.410511
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.2000.410511
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