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La formation d'une banque centrale : la Banque de France (années 1830 - années 1850)

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  • Yves Leclercq

Abstract

[fre] La formation d'une banque centrale. La Banque de France (années 1830-années 1850). . Les rapports entre la Banque de France et les Banques départementales nous donnent une des clés de son affirmation comme banque centrale. La première a partagé, à partir de 1817, le privilège d'émission avec les secondes. Il s'agissait d'un système en apparence cloisonné, en fait relié au pôle parisien par le circuit des effets de commerce. Une partie de ceux-ci aboutit à la Banque de France qui assure en permanence la sécurité du système départemental par le refinancement métallique.. Son monopole de 1848 s'explique parce qu'elle joue déjà précédemment, largement, le rôle de banque centrale, y compris celui de prêteur en dernier ressort. La Banque de France assumera ensuite pleinement ses responsabilités. Sa nouvelle politique de variation du taux d'escompte lui donne la capacité d'influence requise sur le système bancaire, en dépit de la stagnation de sa part dans le marché du crédit. [eng] The constitution of a central bank: Banque de France, 1830'-1850'. . This article focuses on the key role of the relationship between the Banque de France and the regional banks (called "departementale"). From 1817, the first shared the right of issuing with some regional institutions. This was an apparently compartmentalized system, but it was actually linked to the Paris pole through the circuit of bills of exchange. The Banque de France was regulary asked by the regional group to ensure its security through provision of metal. Its 1848 monopoly can be explained by its dominating role which it had for some time, as a central Bank, as well as lender of last ressort. After that date, Banque de France had the exclusive responsibility. Its new policy of fluctuation of the discount rate gave it control of the whole banking system, in spite of the stagnation of its part in the market of credit.

Suggested Citation

  • Yves Leclercq, 1999. "La formation d'une banque centrale : la Banque de France (années 1830 - années 1850)," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 50(1), pages 151-174.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1999_num_50_1_410067
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1999.410067
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1999.410067
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