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Équilibre de long terme, déséquilibre stationnaire et crise

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  • Gérard Duménil
  • Dominique Lévy

Abstract

[eng] Long term equilibrium, stationary disequilibrium, and crisis. . In this article, we show that the analysis of competitive mechanisms by the classics (Smith, Ricardo, Marx) can be used as a point of departure for the construction of a disequilibrium microeconomics. On this basis, we build a dynamic model (with fixed capital) in which one fixed point corresponds to the long-term classical equilibrium. The stability of the model is shown using computer simulation. Two other regimes (long-term disequilibria) can be identified : Overheating and Inferior States of the Keynesian type. Crises of overproduction can also be generated. The conditions for the stability of the capitalist system are discussed (in particular, in relation to the profitability of capital). Some remarks are also presented concerning the effectiveness of policies in the various regimes. The model leads to an interpretation of the evolution of the forms of the business cycle. The U.S. economy is used as an example. The thesis of a tendential increasing instability is related to the Marxist thesis of the tendency for the rate of profit to fall. [fre] Equilibre de long terme, déséquilibre stationnaire et crise . . Dans cet article, on montre que l'analyse que les classiques (Smith, Ricardo, Marx) donnèrent des mécanismes concurrentiels (formation des prix de production, etc.) peut servir de point de départ à l'élaboration d'une micro-économie de déséquilibre. Sur cette base, on construit un modèle dynamique (avec capital fixe) dont un point fixe est l'équilibre classique de long terme. La stabilité du modèle est montrée à l'aide de simulations sur ordinateur. Deux autres régimes (déséquilibres de long terme) peuvent être identifiés : des surchauffes et des états inférieurs de type keynésien. Des crises de surproduction peuvent également être engendrées. Les conditions de stabilité du système capitaliste sont discutées, notamment en relation avec la profitabilité du capital. Quelques remarques sont présentées concernant l'efficacité des politiques dans les différents régimes. Le modèle conduit à une interprétation des changements de forme des cycles industriels sur l'exemple de l'économie des États-Unis. La thèse d'une hausse tendancielle de l'instabilité est reliée à la thèse marxiste de la baisse tendancielle du taux de profit.

Suggested Citation

  • Gérard Duménil & Dominique Lévy, 1987. "Équilibre de long terme, déséquilibre stationnaire et crise," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 38(5), pages 949-994.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1987_num_38_5_409015
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