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Le syndicalisme à deux visages

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  • Richard B. Freeman
  • James L. Medoff

Abstract

[fre] Cette étude présente et compare l'exactitude des deux conceptions du syndicalisme aux Etats-Unis.. D'après la conception « du monopole », les syndicats exercent une influence néfaste au sein des systèmes capitalistes avancés, augmentant les salaires de leurs adhérents au-dessus de ce qu'ils seraient autrement et renforçant ainsi le degré d'inefficience économique et d'inégalité.. La seconde conception fait référence à l'approche institutionnelle en terme de négociations-participation : « Voice ». D'après cette dernière, les syndicats permet­tent aux travailleurs d'exprimer collectivement leurs préférences, « Voice » méca­nisme primordial en l'absence de possibilités véritables d'exprimer celles-ci par une démission individuelle : « Exit ». L'expression collective des préférences, le « Voice », conduit à un changement profond de la relation d'emploi et contribue ainsi à la croissance des niveaux de productivité et d'égalité sous de nombreux aspects.. On montre dans cette étude que les partisans de la conception « du monopole » en ignorant l'impact du o Voice », entretiennent des croyances injustifiées à l'égard des syndicats de ce pays.. Il apparaît que, l'un dans l'autre, les syndicats ne réduisent pas l'efficacité ou l'égalité économique et ne sont pas, contrairement à une opinion souvent exprimée, des organisations foncièrement corrompues, anti-démocratiques et élitistes. [eng] change the nature of the employment relationship and, in so doing, increases the levels of productivity and equality in many settings.. The evidence presented indicates that those who focus on the monopoly face of unionisan and ignore the collective voice/institutional response view are likely to hold erroneous beliefs about unions in this country. The facts indicate that on net unions do not reduce efficiency or equality and are not corrupt, nondemocratic, or elitist organizations.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard B. Freeman & James L. Medoff, 1980. "Le syndicalisme à deux visages," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 31(3), pages 505-539.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1980_num_31_3_408536
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1980.408536
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1980.408536
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Patrick Plane & Claire Salmon, 2002. "Syndicalisme et efficience technique : une analyse appliquée aux firmes bangladaises," Revue Tiers Monde, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(169), pages 167-188.
    2. Pierre Cahuc & Hélène Zajdela, 1991. "Comment expliquer le dualisme du marché du travail à partir de comportements rationnels ?," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 42(3), pages 469-492.
    3. Bruno Lamotte, 2004. "Organisations complexes et incitations : l'efficacité de la négociation collective," Post-Print halshs-00103981, HAL.

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