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L'adaptation du Japon au ralentissement de la croissance et à la ponction extérieure

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  • Christian Sautter

Abstract

[eng] The adaptation of Japon to the decelerating growth and external drain. . Japon has very rapidly adapted its distribution of national income and employment structure to the combined shocks of decelerating growth and external drain. The external drain of national incorne has two origins : the hike in imported oil prices and the impact of yen revaluation on ternis of trade. In 1977 this « drain » accounted for 5,5 % of thé G.N.P. and for 25 % of the « economic surplus » (i.e. what is left of G.D.P. after provision for maintaining real wages and after depreciation). It was financed for half by profits of incorporated enterpmes, the rest shared equally between salaried and non-salaried employees.. In Japan, precapitalist activities play more than a minimal regulatory role both for employment (by hoarding non-salaried workers) and for the distribution of national income.. The much slower growth in real wages and non-salaried earnings as for 1974, the lack of any net corporate savings until 1977, the revaluation of the yen are three powerful deterrents to a renewed investment boom in the manufacturing sector. But the shift toward knowledge-intensive industries, plus continuous administrative guidance could be strong incentives. [fre] Le Japon a très rapidement adapté la répartition de son revenu national et la structure de son emploi aux deux ruptures qu'ont été le ralentissement de la crois­sance et la ponction extérieure.. La ponction extérieure résulte de la hausse du pétrole importé et de l'impact de la réévaluation du yen sur les termes de l'échange. Elle s'élevait en 1977 à 5,5 % du PNB et 25 % du surplus économique et a été payée pour moitié par les sociétés, pour un quart par les salariés et pour un quart par les non-salariés. Au Japon, les activités pré-capitalistes jouent un rôle régulateur non négligeable aussi bien pour l'emploi (rétention de main-d'œuvre non salariée) que pour l'allé­gement des tensions dans le partage du revenu national.. La progression très ralentie des salaires réels et du revenu des non-salariés depuis 1974, l'absence d'épargne nette des sociétés (jusqu'en 1977), la réévaluation du yen sont trois raisons importantes pour que l'industrie japonaise ne se relance pas dans un boom vigoureux d'investissements. Mais le redéploiement vers les « industries de matière grise » et l'incitation publique seront de puissants stimulants.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Sautter, 1979. "L'adaptation du Japon au ralentissement de la croissance et à la ponction extérieure," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 30(6), pages 972-984.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1979_num_30_6_408497
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1979.408497
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1979.408497
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