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Conjoncture et investissement international. Les placements français en Russie. Un exemple à la fin du XIXe siècle

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  • René Girault

Abstract

[fre] Conjoncture et investissement international. Les placements français en Russie: un exemple à la fin du XIXe siècle.. . A propos des placements français en Russie (investissements directs et placements en portefeuille) pendant la dernière décennie du XIXe siècle, on peut poser deux questions : d'une part les choix, dans les placements, répondent-ils à une stratégie consciente de la part des capitalistes français, ou bien à une simple motivation d'un profit à court terme et à courte vue? D'autre part, la conjoncture économique de la Russie tsariste pendant ces années n'obligeait-elle pas celle-ci à faire appel à des capitaux étrangers dans de mauvaises conditions ?. L'étude de la balance des comptes russes, pour autant qu'on puisse la reconstituer, aboutit à distinguer deux moments : avant 1892, le recours à l'aide étrangère est utile, mais non nécessaire ; après, il devient vital et obligatoire, la forte crise agraire de 1891 étant à l'origine de ce renversement de la conjoncture. En effet, après cette date, l'industrialisation était apparue nécessaire au gouvernement tsariste qui ne pouvait que la financer avec l'aide de l'étranger et à l'abri de barrières douanières élevées. Cet article, extrait d'un chapitre d'une thèse à paraître prochainement sur «Les investissements français en Russie entre 1887 et 1914 », veut illustrer la nécessité pour l'historien de l'économie de mêler dans ses recherches histoire sérielle, histoire quantitative et concepts propres aux économistes. [eng] Economic situation and international investment. French investments in Russia: an example at the end of the XIXth century.. . In connection with French investments in Russia (direct investments and portfolio investments) during the last decade of the XIXth century, the author examines the two following problems : 1 ) Wether the investment choices of the French capitalists were part of an elaborate strategy or ivere merely motivated by a short term and « short-sighted » profit. 2) Wether its economic situation at the time make it necessary for tsarist Russia to call for foreign capital under unfavourable terms.. A study of the Russian balance of payments — as far as this balance can be reconstructed — leads to a distinction between two periods : before 1892, a recourse to foreign help is useful but not necessary ; after 1892, it becomes vital and compulsory, the sharp agrarian crisis of 1891 being the cause of this reversai in the economic situation. Indeed, at that time, the tsarist government thought industrialization necessary; this coutd only be financed with foreign help and under the protection of high tariff-walls.. This paper which is an extract from a doctoral dissertation to be published soon. about « French investments in Russia between 1887 and 1914 » aims at illustrating the necessity for the historian of economics to combine serial history with quantitative history and economic concepts.

Suggested Citation

  • René Girault, 1972. "Conjoncture et investissement international. Les placements français en Russie. Un exemple à la fin du XIXe siècle," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 23(5), pages 889-918.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1972_num_23_5_408054
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1972.408054
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1972.408054
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    1. Stephanie Collet & Kim Oosterlinck, 2019. "Denouncing Odious Debts," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 160(1), pages 205-223, November.

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