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« Wages and Prices Guideposts ». L'expérience des principes directeurs en matière de salaires et de prix aux Etats-Unis

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  • Guy Caire

Abstract

[fre] La pratique des principes directeurs en matière de salaires et de prix, politique des revenus informelle et non autoritaire, est une expérience s'efforçant de préserver l'équilibre interne de l'économie américaine menacée par une poussée des coûts salariaux et son équilibre externe compromis par des difficultés de la balance des paiements. Pour cela, des directives sont formulées à partir de 1962 par le Comité des conseillers économiques. L'accueil réservé à ces recommandations n'a pas été très favorable ; des critiques juridiques ou sociales nombreuses ont été formulées à leur encontre. Cette politique, qui semble cependant avoir porté certains fruits, a été à l'origine d'une réflexion économique appro­fondie. Elle soulève en effet une série de problèmes : problèmes de méthodologie statistique puisque sa formulation ou le jugement qu'on peut porter sur elle (à la suite des travaux de Perry) reposent sur une comparaison des évolutions de prix, revenus et productivités ; problèmes d'analyse économique puisque se trouvent soulevées les questions complémentaires des causes du processus inflationniste et de l'efficacité d'une action sur les revenus ; problèmes enfin de politique écono­mique dans la mesure où l'on est conduit à se demander si la formulation des objectifs a été suffisamment claire et si la sélection des instruments retenus a été la plus judicieuse. [eng] The practice of wages and prices guideposts, an informai non-authoritative income policy, is an experience tending to preserve the internai stability of the American economy, threatened by a sudden rise of wages-costs while its external stability is endangered by the difficulties of the balance of payments. For this purpose directives have been formulated since 1962 by the Board of Economie Councillers. These recommandations were not given a very favourable reception ; numerous legal or social objections have been formulated against them. This policy, wich seems nevertheless to have had some results, has given rise to more searching economie thought. In fact, it raises a number of problems : problems of methodology in statistics, since its formulation or the judgement passed on it (following Perry's studies) are founded on a comparative study of the evolution of prices, incomes and productivity ; problems of economie analysis, since it raises the complementarity questions of the reasons for the process of inflation and of the efficiency of acting on incomes ; last not least, problems of economie policy in so far as one cannot help wondering werher the formulation of the objectives has been sufficiently clear and the selection of the instruments used the most discerning.

Suggested Citation

  • Guy Caire, 1970. "« Wages and Prices Guideposts ». L'expérience des principes directeurs en matière de salaires et de prix aux Etats-Unis," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 21(5), pages 757-798.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1970_num_21_5_407939
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1970.407939
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1970.407939
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