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La productivité globale, clé de l'étude de la répartition

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  • André L.-A. Vincent

Abstract

[fre] De nos jours, il est essentiel d'étudier les phénomènes de répartition en fonction des progrès de productivité, qui sont très différents suivant les branches et qui, seuls, peuvent apporter à tous des avantages réels. . L'article envisage principalement la répartition primaire issue de la production. Les données en sont fournies par les comptes d'exploitation tirés des comptes nationaux. Mais on ne peut s'en tenir aux valeurs : pour faire apparaître la productivité, il faut dissocier celles-ci en volumes et indices de prix, ce qui exige des conventions. En particulier, les éléments financiers (intérêts, profits, impôts) ne peuvent être dissociés que sur la base de taux caractéristiques (taux d'intérêt, taux de profit, taux fiscaux). . On aboutit ainsi à la formule dite « productivité globale exhaustive » qui donne naissance à deux comptes jumelés décomposant comme suit l'évolution économique :. — dans une première étape, les prix sont supposés fixes, ainsi que les taux des éléments financiers. Un surplus de productivité globale apparaît ; . — dans une seconde étape, ce sont les prix et les taux qui varient, montrant comment le surplus de productivité a été réparti. Les comptes de productivité globale fournissent ainsi un point de départ précieux pour les recherches causales. . Quant à la répartition finale, elle fait intervenir de nombreux transferts en valeur, de sorte qu'on ne peut lier les avantages réels des bénéficiaires « finals » aux progrès de productivité, sinon de façon approximative. Restent la question des services gratuits rendus par l'Etat, celle des patrimoines, etc. [eng] Nowadays it is vital to study distribution phenomena in conjunction with progress made in productivity, which varies according to sectors and which alone is able to bring real all-round advantages. . The article is chiefly concerned with primary distribution, which is an issue of production. Data are provided by operational accounts taken from national accounts. But we cannot go simply by figures to form a picture of productivity, figures must be broken down into volumes and price indices, and for this certain conventions are needed. In particular, financial elements (interest, profit, duty) can only be made distinct by using typical rates (interest rate, profit rate, tax rate). Thus one arrives at the so-called « Exhaustive overall productivity » formula which gives rise to two complementary accounts expressing development as follows : . — stage one : prices are assumed fixed as are the rates of the various financial elements. An overall productivity surplus appears ; . — stage two : prices and rates vary, showing how the productivity surplus has been distributed. Overall productivity accounts then provide a valuable starting- point for analytical research. . Final distribution involves several transfers and it is only possible to establish a very loose connection between the real advantages obtained by the « final » beneficiaries and productivity progress. There are other questions : free services rendered by the State, general assets, etc.

Suggested Citation

  • André L.-A. Vincent, 1969. "La productivité globale, clé de l'étude de la répartition," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 20(5), pages 783-829.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1969_num_20_5_407885
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1969.407885
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1969.407885
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