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Apport du modèle d'utilité anticipée à l'analyse de l'attitude des exploitants agricoles face au risque

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  • Abdel Madjit Bouzit

Abstract

[eng] The expected utility theory is the most used theory to modelling risky production in agriculture. However, Allais and others suggested that people violate expected-maximisation in systematic ways. Such violations have led to develop anticipated utility theory that generalises the expected utility theory. This generalisation postulates that, in uncertains choices, individuals substitute elementary probabilities by weighting probabilities. This probabilities weighting is represented by a transformed function which takes a part in the risk aversion attitude. This paper investigates the use of new developments of the expected utility theory known as anticipated utility theory. An approach to estimate farmers' risk attitude is here presented. Questionnaires are designed to elicit both the utility function and the probability weighting function. [fre] Les modèles micro-économiques de production agricole en situation de risque sont souvent issus de la théorie de l'utilité espérée de Von Neumann et Morgenstern. Or, la théorie de l'utilité espérée est soumise à de nombreux paradoxes empiriques dont le plus célèbre est le paradoxe d'Allais. Suite à ces contradictions, le critère de maximisation de l'utilité espérée a été généralisé au critère de maximisation de l'utilité anticipée. Cette généralisation postule que les individus effectuant des choix incertains auront tendance à substituer les probabilités des événements par des 'poids décisionnels'. Cette pondération de probabilité est décrite par une fonction de transformation dont la courbure traduit, en partie, l'attitude par rapport au risque du décideur. Dans cette étude, nous présentons une méthodologie d'estimation de l'aversion au risque des agriculteurs. La méthode est basée sur les nouveaux concepts de la théorie de l'utilité anticipée. Elle nécessite aussi, des enquêtes comportementales auprès des agriculteurs pour l'estimation de la fonction d'utilité et de la fonction de pondération des probabilités. Le système de questionnaire proposé utilise des situations de risque quasi-réelles.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdel Madjit Bouzit, 1995. "Apport du modèle d'utilité anticipée à l'analyse de l'attitude des exploitants agricoles face au risque," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 227(1), pages 28-33.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_227_1_4731
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1995.4731
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1995.4731
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