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Faut-il réguler le libéralisme?

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  • Gérard de Bernis

Abstract

[fre] L'histoire du capitalisme montre que l'émergence des thèses libérales et des politiques de dérégulation caractérise les phases de crise d'accumulation, et de remise en cause de son organisation sociale. A ces poussées libérales succède une nouvelle rationalisation théorique de la nécessité d'interventions institutionnelles régulatrices, dès que se stabilisent de nouvelles formes sociales d'organisations de l'accumulation du capital. C'est ce qu'illustre l'analyse des phases libérales du dernier tiers du XIXe siècle, et de l'Entre-deux-guerres, menée dans cet article. Les effets de la concurrence internationale et les changements technologiques qui lui sont dus ont ouvert, en cette fin de XXe siècle, une nouvelle phase d'instabilité que reflète la poussée libérale contemporaine dans les débats théoriques. Y a-t- il une issue à la crise actuelle, et laquelle? Se pose alors inévitablement la question de savoir qui peut aujourd'hui détenir dans une économie globale mondialisée, le pouvoir d'organiser les « réducteurs d'incertitude », et à imposer les procédures sociales d'un nouveau mode de régulation de la croissance capitaliste. [eng] The study of capitalism history shows that periods when free trade and state unintervention theories are developing are periods of crises in social organization of capital accumulation. Then follows a new period of theoretical proof of the utility of institutional regulating interventions when a new order in social organization of capital accumulation is established. The analysis of the two periods of non interference policy during the last third of the XIXth century and between the two world wars realised in this paper illustrate this thesis. The effects of international competition and of technological changes resulting induce a new period of instability at the end of this XXth century. Theories of laisser-faire developing today are the results of this new situation. Does an issue exist to the actual crises, and what issue ? The question following is to know who is today in position to hold the power to reduce the uncertainty and to lay down new social rules for the organization of a new capital accumulation process, in a global world exchange system.

Suggested Citation

  • Gérard de Bernis, 1995. "Faut-il réguler le libéralisme?," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 226(1), pages 24-30.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4718
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1995.4718
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1995.4718
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