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La quantification du contrôle qualité dans l'industrie : un point de vue sociologique et historique

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  • Denis Bayart

Abstract

[eng] Quantifying quality control in industry : a sociological and historical point of view . Since the early 20's, statistical methods have been made use of as a covenant for the regulation of industrial processes. After a short historical summary, the paper presents three main themes in this respect : i-the notion of a variable controlled quality is a serious epistemological innovation ; ii-these methods are not incompatible with the division of labour, nor with standardization ; iii-they allowed fo the development of intermediate tools usable by unskilled workers. By now, statistical control stands as a fundamental concept in the objective definition of quality, even if it may be considered as too narrow for grasping all the facets of the notion. [fre] Cet article analyse certains aspects du développement d'une convention de qualité qui est apparue dans le monde industriel à partir des années 1920 : le contrôle statistique. Trois points sont abordés : le changement épistémologique introduit par la conception d'une qualité contrôlée comme une qualité variable, la mise au point de formes concrètes et d'outils compatibles avec la division du travail et des compétences en entreprise, le processus de standardisation des méthodes. Même s'il apparaît actuellement comme une vision étroite de la "démarche qualité", le contrôle statistique reste fondamental comme mode d'objectivation des caractéristiques de qualité des produits.

Suggested Citation

  • Denis Bayart, 1993. "La quantification du contrôle qualité dans l'industrie : un point de vue sociologique et historique," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 217(1), pages 18-23.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_217_1_4562
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1993.4562
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1993.4562
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