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La dissémination d'organismes dans l'environnement

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  • Guy Riba

Abstract

[fre] La dissémination volontaire d'organismes auxiliaires dans l'environnement suit deux stratégies majeures. L'introduction acclimatation consiste au lâcher d'un effectif réduit qui sera néanmoins suffisant pour juguler l'ennemi cible pendant plusieurs générations. Le traitement biologique qui se définit par l'introduction d'un effectif plus élevé induisant un effet choc non persistant. L'usage de fertilisants biologiques s'inspire de cette deuxième stratégie. Pour éviter tout danger et respecter l'environnement, l'utilisation agronomique d'auxiliaires biologiques doit respecter des contraintes écologiques. Ainsi le praticien estime le spectre d'hôte de l'agent, il s'assure des flux géniques potentiels que l'auxiliaire peut avoir avec d'autres organismes indigènes, enfin il appréhende les risques de sélection de populations résistantes. Ces interrogations doivent être traitées avec une extrême rigueur lorsqu'il s'agit d'organismes transgéniques. Ces questions sont à l'origine d'une procédure réglementaire française dont le but est de protéger l'environnement, l'utilisateur, l'industriel, le consommateur et le citoyen. [eng] Release of organisms in the environment . Release of organisms into the environment concerns two main strategies. The aclimatization consists in the introduction of few individuals which will be able to maintain the target population under an economic threshold during several generations. A biological treatment is the release of many individuals which will induce an immediate but not persistent break in the target population. To respect the environment the agronomic utilization of biological aspects must take care of host specificity, potential for genetic transfers and probability to induce host resistant populations. Because of those risks reglementary rules have been established in order to protect environment, users, industrials and citizens.

Suggested Citation

  • Guy Riba, 1992. "La dissémination d'organismes dans l'environnement," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 208(1), pages 89-94.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4460
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1992.4460
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1992.4460
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