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Agriculture et environnement : offres et demandes

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  • Jean de Montgolfier

Abstract

[fre] Cet article a pour but d'examiner les réponses que l'approche économique est en mesure d'apporter aux questions des rapports entre agriculture et environnement. L'analyse est effectuée en termes d'offres et de demandes de qualités de l'environnement, entre agriculteurs et société. Elle aboutit au constat que les mécanismes de confrontation entre offres et demandes sont presque inexistants et sont très difficiles à mettre en place. Deux apports de la théorie économique sont examinés : le principe pollueur-payeur, et le principe de copropriété inter- générationnelle. Deux exemples sont présentés : l'entretien des espaces méditerranéens par un élevage extensif moderne, et les pollutions nitratées résultant de la tendance à surfertiliser les grandes cultures. Cette analyse conclue à la nécessité de poursuivre la recherche et le développement, et de mettre en place des mécanismes sociaux de négociation sur les qualités de l'environnement. [eng] Agriculture and environment : supplies and demands . This paper aims at analysing what answers economical approach can give to questions about relations between agriculture and environment. The great features of a supply/demand analysis are discribed. It is stated that there are no, or very few, mecanisms for comparing supplies and demands relating to environnemtal qualities. Two principles from economical theory are presented : the polluter-pays-principle and the intergenerational co-ownership principle. Two exemples are set : managing mediterrannean lands by modern unintensive sheep breeding, and nitrogen pollutions resulting from over-fertilization. Conclusions are about the necessity of research and développement of new techniques, and of implementing new social institutions to negociate about environmental qualities.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean de Montgolfier, 1992. "Agriculture et environnement : offres et demandes," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 208(1), pages 11-16.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4439
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1992.4439
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1992.4439
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