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Vers un autre modèle de développement agricole ?

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  • Sylvie Bonny

Abstract

[fre] Le modèle de développement agricole des trois dernières décennies a été récemment assez souvent remis en cause en raison de la crise, du renchérissement de l'énergie, de la baisse du revenu des agriculteurs, de l'accroissement des charges, etc. Certains proposent une réorientation de ce modèle vers une agriculture plus économe, plus autonome, à valeur ajoutée biologique maximale, mais aussi productive ; d'autres insistent surtout sur la nécessité d'amplifier ce type d'intensification dans un but d'accroissement de la compétitivité, du développement des exportations, de la montée en puissance de l'agriculture, etc. Une première partie rappelle les éléments de remise en question du modèle agricole actuel, qu'ils semblent endogènes (baisse de productivité des consommations intermédiaires, par exemple), ou exogènes (conséquences de la crise...). Puis un aspect plus précis, souvent mentionné comme facteur de remise en cause, les répercussions d'un fort renchérissement ou d'un rationnement de l'énergie sur quelques types d'exploitations, est analysé plus en détail par des études de simulation. Enfin on s'interroge sur la signification et les possibilités d'un autre modèle, notamment plus économe et plus autonome : des innovations techniques (biotechnologies, etc) ne peuvent à elles seules changer le modèle de développement agricole. Quels sont les conditions, enjeux sociaux et conséquences d'un autre type d'agriculture, en fonction de quels objectifs et de quel projet ? [eng] The model of farm development of the last thirty years has recently been questioned in the present context of economic crisis, increased energy prices, drop of farm incomes, increase of costs etc. Certain authors propose a reorientation of agriculture towards a more economical and self sufficient system with maximum biological added value. Others stress the necessity of amplifying the intensification process in order to increase competitivity, to develop exports and promote agricultural activity... The first part of our paper resumes the different elements of this question as endogenous factors drop in productivity of intermediate consomptions for example) or exogenous ones (consequences of the crisis...). A more precise aspect is then analysed more in detail by a simulation study : the impact of an increase in or a rationing of energy on certain types of farms. Finally, the conditions and possibilities of another more economical and more selfsufficient type of farming are examined. Technical innovation (biotechnology etc.) is not able to change alone the farm development model. What are the conditions, social implications and impacts of another type of agriculture and what should be its objects ?

Suggested Citation

  • Sylvie Bonny, 1981. "Vers un autre modèle de développement agricole ?," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 146(1), pages 20-29.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_146_1_2811
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1981.2811
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1981.2811
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    Cited by:

    1. Betty Wampfler, 1994. "Recomposition des systèmes agricoles de moyenne montagne. Mutations et perspectives. Le cas de l'Aveyron," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 224(1), pages 52-57.
    2. S. Bonny, 1987. "Les effets du renchérissement de l'énergie de 1974 à 1984 sur l'agriculture française et son environnement," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 180(1), pages 3-11.

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