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Objectifs et contraintes de la politique agricole

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  • Michael Tracy

Abstract

[eng] The impact on consumers no longer seems to constitute the main criticism of the agricultural policy, and farm prices have not been at the origin of inflation. The impact on taxpayers is more crucial as the price support is becoming more and more expensive without solving the problems of farm incomes ; in the particular context of the EEC budget, the cost of the CAP has become a major policy problem. The agricultural policies, including the CAP, do not aim to guarantee farm incomes. The price support remains their most important instrument although it mostly favours big farms and thus does not reduce disparities within the farm sector. The result of structural measures has been limited. The agricultural production potential remains important and with a considerable amount of imported animal feed still exceeds the absorption capacities of the EEC home market. Exports should be developped through a more coherent policy but such actions are subject to constraints of international trade obligations. The trends on the world markets will therefore become more and more important for the agriculture of Western Europe. [fre] Les effets sur les consommateurs ne semblent plus constituer aujourd'hui la principale critique que l'on peut formuler à l'égard de la politique agricole, et les prix agricoles n'ont pas été source d'inflation. Les effets sur les contribuables sont plus préoccupants, dans la mesure où le soutien des prix, sans résoudre le problème des revenus agricoles, coûte de plus en plus cher ; dans le contexte particulier du budget de la Communauté, le coût de la PAC est devenu un problème politique majeur. Malgré le fait que les objectifs des politiques agricoles, y compris ceux de la PAC, ne garantissent pas les revenus de tous ceux qui travaillent dans l'agriculture, le soutien des prix, qui profite surtout aux grandes exploitations et donc ne réduit pas les disparités au sein du secteur agricole, est resté de loin l'instrument le plus important, alors que les effets des mesures structurelles demeurent limités. Le potentiel de production agricole reste important, et avec l'importation de quantités considérables d'aliments de bétail, continue à dépasser les capacités d'absorption du marché intérieur de la Communauté. Le développement des exportations et une politique plus cohérente à cet égard semblent nécessaires, mais sont soumises à des contraintes tenant au maintien des courants d'échanges et aux obligations internationales. Les tendances sur les marchés mondiaux joueront ainsi un rôle de plus en plus important pour l'agriculture ouest-européenne.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Tracy, 1981. "Objectifs et contraintes de la politique agricole," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 144(1), pages 13-17.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_144_1_2783
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1981.2783
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1981.2783
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