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Crise de la politique agraire polonaise : comment sortir de l'impasse

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  • A. Pouliquen

Abstract

[fre] En Pologne, le secteur agro-alimentaire, et surtout l'agriculture, coûtent très cher à l'économie nationale, en investissements comme en revenus du travail agricole (énormes et croissantes subventions aux prix agricoles). Les résultats de ces priorités ruineuses sont très décevants depuis 1974 en ce qui concerne la production et le commerce extérieur agro-alimentaires. Pourquoi ? . - Du fait d'une extension continue et subie du secteur agricole d'Etat, modèle social de toute façon coûteux et, surtout, dans sa version polonaise. . - Parce que, dans le secteur agricole privé encore très majoritaire, aucune des préconditions essentielles d'une «deuxième révolution agricole «massive» à «l'occidentale» (spécialisation-concentration- mécanisation) n'est encore réunie et ne le sera rapidement : . - Approvisionnement suffisant et garanti en intrants industriels ; . - Marché du travail salarié plutôt déprimé; au contraire l'évasion « à temps partiel », ou dans le cadre de la famille agricole à plusieurs revenus, vers le salariat étatique, est une alternative ouverte et relativement confortable ; . - Marché foncier ouvert et bien régulé : cette condition annexe n'est en fait que localement et partiellement satisfaite ; . - Confiance paysanne dans la continuité de la politique agricole ; . - Régulation réellement syndicale et coopérative des rapports paysans-société globale. Finalement, la crise agraire est certes amplifiée par la crise industrielle, mais elle y contribue massivement en retour. Y a-t-il un espoir « syndical » ? [eng] In Poland, the food sector (and mainly agriculture) is now a heavy burden for national economy, as for investments and incomes of agricultural work (huge and increasing subsidies to the agricultural prices). The results of these expensive priorities are very disapointing since 1974, as for the production and the foreign trade. Why? . - First reason : a steady and passive spread of the state farm sector ; this social model is necessarily expensive and especially in its Polish form, wasteful. . - Second reason : in the private farm sector, still dominant, none of the basic first conditions of a bulky « second agricultural revolution » western type (specialization-concentration-mechanization) is met : . - Sufficient and guaranteed supply of industrial inputs ; . - Depressed general labour market : on the contrary, young farmers use more and more the open and relatively comfortable alternative of the etatic non agricultural employment, especially under the form of the family members multiactivity ; . - Open and well regulated land market : this condition is only partly and locally met ; . . Farmers reliance in the continuity of the farm policy of the state ; . - Regulation, by syndicates and true cooperatives, of the set of relationships between farmers and the society as a whole. . - Finally the agrarian crisis is aggravated by the general industrial crisis, but the first one greatly contributes also to the latter. Is there a « syndical » hope ?

Suggested Citation

  • A. Pouliquen, 1980. "Crise de la politique agraire polonaise : comment sortir de l'impasse," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 139(1), pages 57-65.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_139_1_2736
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1980.2736
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1980.2736
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