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La politique agricole et alimentaire américaine face au reste du monde

Author

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  • Susan George

Abstract

[fre] Dans un contexte mondial où 'la majeure partie des céréales sert à l'autoconsommation, le rôle des Etats-Unis dans la production et l'exportation prend tout son relief ; son importance dans le commerce mondial céréalier est primordiale. Ses exportations sont égailement vitales pour .la santé, voire la survie, économique de d'Amérique dont les achats de pétrole grèvent de plus en plus lourdement la balance commerciale et dont le dynamisme des exportations non-agricoles s'épuise. Dans les années à venir, le volume des exportations céréalières doit continuer à augmenter, de même que leurs prix, qui pourraient, en 1985-86, retrouver les niveaux records de 1973-74. Les clients commerciaux, qu'ils soient des pays industrialisés ou des pays en développement, ne semblent pas prendre lies mesures qui ileur éviteraient une dépendance alimentaire accrue à l'égard des USA. Les instances internationales, de ileur côté, ont jusqu'à présent échoué dans toute tentative de constitution de stocks ou de régularisation des marchés. Vue l'importance des exportations agricoles pour leur économie, il est normal que les USA engagent des efforts pour les maintenir et les augmenter : parmi ceux-ci l'on trouve l'utilisation de l'aide alimentaire, une politique volontariste d'expansion de da part d'associations des producteurs de céréales et le perfectionnement des réseaux d'information concernant les récoltes mondiales. Tout porte à croire que les Etats-Unis domineront de plus en plus les marchés céréaliers et qu'ils pourront, de ce fait, se servir de cette position privilégiée comme d'une arme politique et économique. [eng] In a world where most cereals are grown for self-consumption, America's role both in their production and their export, and her consequent place in the world grain trade are of primary importance. Agricultural exports are also vital for the USA whose oil imports and declining non-agricultural exports contribute to chronic balance of payments deficits. In the coming years, both volume and prices of grain exports should increase, the latter reaching, around 1985-86, the record levels of 1973-74. The USA's clients, whether industrialised or developing countries, do not seem to be taking counter-measures which could offset their increasing dependency on American exports. International bodies have failed, up to now, in their attempts to build up stocks and to regulate market fluctuations. Considering in the importance of agricultural exports to the economic health and even survival of the nation, it is normal that the US make every effort to maintain and to increase them : among such efforts are the use of food aid, the expansionist policies of grain producers associations and the perfection of worldwide agricultural information-gathering systems. It is probable that the United States will improve its dominant position on world grain markets and may well use this position for political and economic ends.

Suggested Citation

  • Susan George, 1979. "La politique agricole et alimentaire américaine face au reste du monde," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 133(1), pages 44-48.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2662
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1979.2662
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1979.2662
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