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Ecologie et politique des ressources naturelles

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  • J.M. Cusset

Abstract

[fre] La crise économique qui frappe la plupart des pays, les perspectives d'une cartellisation des pays exportateurs de matières premières minérales, les menaces d'un retour au protectionnisme peuvent déboucher sur des politiques de repli ou de redéploiement industriel dont les conséquences écologiques sont encore mal perçues. Aussi est-il nécessaire de s'interroger sur l'opportunité pour les Etats de définir une politique de gestion de ses ressources naturelles, celles-ci étant entendues dans le sens le plus large, c'est-à-dire englobant les ressources dites d'environnement, mais également les déchets récupérables et recyclables. L'interdépendance de politiques élaborées et mises en œuvre trop souvent séparément conduit à rechercher les comolémentarités et les incompatibilités entre les objectifs afin de parvenir à une politique cohérente des ressources naturelles. Le perfectionnement des modèles écologico- économiques nationaux et régionaux, les recherches d'une comptabilisation des prélèvements sur la nature devraient bientôt permettre l'évaluation de stratégies relatives à la gestion de nos ressources naturelles. Cependant l'avènement d'une politique cohérente de ressources suppose des modifications institutionnelles dont la mise en œuvre sera longue, et le choix entre des instruments d'incitation facilitant les adaptations du système productif. Enfin le cadre national est trop étroit pour concevoir une politique des ressources naturelles, surtout dans la perspective d'un redéploiement industriel dicté par un nouvel ordre économique international en gestation. [eng] Ecology and natural resources policy - The economic crisis affecting most countries, the prospect of an association of mineral raw materials exporting countries, the threat of a return to protectionism may lead to policies of industrial withdrawal or redistribution the ecological consequences of which can still not be clearly seen. Thus it is necessary to wondzr how necessary it is for states to define a policy for managing their natural resources, which term should be understood in its broadest sense, that is to say including so-called environment resources but also waste that can be recuperated and reprocessed. The interdependence of policies worked out and implemented all too often separately leads one to look for complementarities and incompatibilities between objectives in order to arrive at a coherent natural resources policy. The perfecting of national and regional ecological — economic models, and the attempts to keep count of what is removed from nature should soon enable strategies related to the management of our natural resources to be estimated. Yet a coherent resources policy supposes institutional modifications, the setting up of which will take a long time, and that a choice be made amongst the means of encouraging and facilitating adaptations in the production system. Finally a national framework is too narrow to work out a natural resources policy especially with the prospect of industrial redistribution dictated by the new international economic order as yet in embryo.

Suggested Citation

  • J.M. Cusset, 1978. "Ecologie et politique des ressources naturelles," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 127(1), pages 20-22.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2584
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1978.2584
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1978.2584
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