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Processus essai-erreur et pratique de la responsabilité politique

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  • C.J. Maestre

Abstract

[fre] Au sein des pays industriels, individus et collectivités sont aujourd'hui de plus en plus mis en présence des limites du savoir. Il leur faut admettre la décision en état d'information imparfaite ; c'est-à-dire de faire des essais dont les erreurs doivent être assumées par ceux-là mêmes qui les ont décidés. Le processus essai-erreur que l'on redécouvre alors n'est sans doute pas en soi une nouveauté ; mais rompant avec nombre de pratiques devenues courantes, ses exigences paraissent redoutables. En particulier, l'expert perdant de sa crédibilité, le politique se trouve beaucoup plus isolé face à ses responsabilités alors même que celles-ci lui paraissent plus grandes que jamais. Celui qui assume des charges publiques est en effet le représentant de populations de plus en plus conscientes de participer à des décisions dont les risques possibles les concernait directemsnt. L'attitude politique doit alors à la fois intégrer dans ses choix des facteurs jusqu'ici très partiellement assumés (tels des échéances très éloignées, la complexité, les risques d'aléas, les irréversibilités possibles), et être un élément moteur dans la formation de consensus au sein de collectivités sans l'accord desquelles aucun essai ne psut être fait. Mettre l'accent sur le compromis plutôt que sur la solution technique entraîne une redistribution des rôles entre expert, politique et population au profit des deux derniers acteurs. Cela pose de nombreuses questions quand aux conditions permettant de tirer un parti maximum d'essais dont la pratique doit évidemment aller de pair avec une minimisation, jamais nulle, des risques encourus. [eng] The process of trial and error and the practice of political responsabilite - In industrial countries individuals and collectivities are today more and more faced by the limits of knowledge. They have to accept decisions made with insufficient information — in other words they have to make trial attempts the errors of which must be assumed by those who have made the decision. The trial and error process that one then discovers is no doubt not a novelty in itself, but its requirements, breaking with a great many common practices, seem formidable. When the expert loses his credibility the politician is increasingly isolated with his responsibilities, which are greater than ever before. The people he represents are ever more conscious of participating in decisions the risks of which concern them directly. The political attitude must then both include in its choice factors that until now it had only partially assumed — such as distant deadlines, complexity, the risk of unforeseen factors, the impossibility of going back on decisions, and be an element that encourages the forming of a consensus of opinion in collectivities since without the consent of the latter no attempt can be made. The stress is laid on compromise rather than on technical solutions and this leads to a redistribution of roles among expert, politician and the population in favour of the latter. What conditions enable the maximum to be got out of trials the implementation of which must obviously be accompanied by a minimization which invariably exists of the risks run ?

Suggested Citation

  • C.J. Maestre, 1978. "Processus essai-erreur et pratique de la responsabilité politique," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 127(1), pages 15-19.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2583
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1978.2583
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1978.2583
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