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Les groupements agricoles d'exploitation en commun 10 ans après

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  • C. Reboul

Abstract

[fre] Au printemps 1976, 10 ans après les premières créations, les Groupements Agricoles d'Exploitation en Commun (G.A. E.C.), forme la plus achevée de l'agriculture de groupe, sont environ 6 000, employant près de 25 000 personnes agricoles actives, dont 15 000 associés et 3 500 salariés permanents. Sur le G.A.E.C. moyen, 4,1 travailleurs cultivent 87 ha, soit 21 ha pour chacun, chiffre qui témoigne de la concentration de la formule dans la couche sociale des paysans moyens. . L'évolution récente est marquée par un fort développement des GAEC familiaux, et particulièrement des GAEC père-un fils (27 % des GAEC fin 1975) qui aident notamment à résoudre dans l'intérêt du fils les problèmes de partage successoral liés à une forte capitalisation. Les GAEC créés par fusion d'exploitations diminuent en nombre relatif, mais augmentent eux aussi régulièrement en valeur absolue, à raison de 12 % par an. Par ailleurs, le nombre des « apporteurs en industrie », associés sans capitaux, sur la seule base de leur travail, reste très faible. . Si l'on rapproche la situation actuelle des objectifs fixés par la loi (1962) : maintenir dans le GAEC le caractère familial des exploitations qui le constituent et auxquelles la formule est exclusivement destinée ; mettre le travail au rang du capital dans le statut des associés, on constate des écarts par excès dans le premier cas, par défaut dans le second, qui témoignent des contraintes qu'exercent le système économique et social sur la constitution et le développement des GAEC. . Il n'en reste pas moins qu'en transgressant ces tabous du capitalisme que sont pour les agriculteurs l'exploitation individuelle de la terre et du bétail, en privilégiant le travail (et parfois même les besoins familiaux) par rapport au capital dans la rémunération des associés, les GAEC, dans leurs manifestations les plus personnalisées, contiennent des germes d'une autre société, dans laquelle on peut espérer que le travail sera en passe de supplanter le capital. [eng] The GAECs after ten years - In spring 1976, ten years after the first of them were set up, the Groupements Agricoles d'Exploitation en Commun (GAECs), the most perfected form of group farming numbered about 6000, employing almost 25000 active farm workers, 15000 of whom are partners and 3500 full-time employees. On an average GAEC, 4.1 workers farm 87 hectares, i.e. 21 hectares per person, a figure which proves the concentration of this form on association in the middle range of farmers. . Their recent evolution is marked by a developement of family GAECs, particularly the GAECs made up of a father and one son (27 % of all GAECs at the end of 1975). This form helps to solve the problems posed by the division of the estate on the father death because of the vast sums of capital invested, in the interests of the son. The GAECs formed by the amalgamation of farms are decreasing relatively but are increasing steadily in absolute figures, by 12 % per year. Moreover the number of « labour contributions », partners without capital contributing only their labour, is still very small. . If the present situation is compared to the objectives laid down by the law (1962) - maintaining in the GAECs the family nature of the farms for which this system was intended ; putting labour on an equal footing with capital in the status of the partners - discrepancies are visible. There is too great emphasis on the first of these objectives, too little on the second, and this reflects the constraints imposed by the social and economic system on the setting up and development of the GAECs. . Nevertheless by transgressing the taboos of capitalism represented for farmers by the individual use of land and stock, by giving greater importance to labour (and even sometimes to family needs) in comparison with capital in the payment of the partners, the GAECs in their most personal forms contain the seeds of a new society in which it is to be hoped labour will replace capital.

Suggested Citation

  • C. Reboul, 1977. "Les groupements agricoles d'exploitation en commun 10 ans après," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 120(1), pages 49-61.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_120_1_2504
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1977.2504
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1977.2504
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