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L'industrialisation rurale au service du développement local en Europe Occidentale

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  • Ph. Tourny

Abstract

[eng] Rural industrialization in the service of local development in western europe - In Western Europe rural regions have been neglected by growth. Some of them have their own industrial structure which is often of long-standing. For the others industrialization has seemed for some years to be a means of development and balance. The present implantation of firms in rural areas concerns areas close to sources of energy and raw materials, near big towns and big industrial centres or in rich but little built-up rural areas, or else in the depths of the country. The nature of the relationship between the collectivity and the firm must be revised. The sporadic initiatives taken by the « communes » give way to national initiatives and other intercommunal experiments. In underprivileged areas technical assistance (by the collectivity or by the State) is necessary. The most rural areas practically never manage to unite all these elements. Rural industrialization can contribute to planning and development if the responsibility of the collectivities is real, if the inhabitants are consulted and feel committed to the projects that concern them. [fre] En Europe occidentale, les régions rurales ont été les « laissés pour compte » de la croissance. Certaines se sont dotées d'une structure industrielle autochtone, souvent ancienne. Pour les autres, l'industrialisation représente depuis quelques années le moyen du développement et de l'équilibre. . L'implantation actuelle des entreprises en milieu rural a lieu : à proximité des sources d'énergie et matières premières, des grandes agglomérations et grands centres industriels, ou bien dans des régions rurales d'agriculture riche, faiblement urbanisées, ou encore dans les campagnes profondes. . Les modes de relation entre collectivité locale et entreprise sont à réviser. L'initiative sporadique des communes laisse le pas aux « pays » (France), et à d'autres expériences intercommunales. Dans les régions défavorisées, un accompagnement technique (du fait de la collectivité et/ou de l'Etat) est nécessaire : voies de communication, eau, énergie, réserves foncières. Les campagnes profondes ne réunissent presque jamais l'ensemble de ces éléments. Un accompagnement incitatif (législation, aides publiques) passe par une planification contractuelle. . L'industrialisation rurale ne peut contribuer à l'aménagement et au développement que si la responsabilité des collectivités est réelle, et si les populations sont consultées et se sentent engagées dans les projets qui les concernent.

Suggested Citation

  • Ph. Tourny, 1977. "L'industrialisation rurale au service du développement local en Europe Occidentale," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 118(1), pages 33-40.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_2478
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1977.2478
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1977.2478
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