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L'état actuel des théories de l'inflation devant l'inflation des théories

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  • R. S. Thorn
  • R. Bernard

Abstract

[eng] The present state of theories of inflation in view of the inflation of theories - Economists and politicians are still concerned by inflation, and have been more so during the last few years. Several theories have attempted to explain it, based on the main schools of thought that have emerged in Economics over the last century. Inflation has often been conceived as one of the elements of the process by which the economy reaches a balance ; an excessive supply of currency, or the pressures brought to bear by wage costs in conditions of almost full employment, have been mentioned. Some writers have therefore accused the States' intervention in monetary matters, others the inability of this intervention to control wages, or more generally to control incomes and prices. The persistence over the last few years of both a high unemployment rate and a high rate of inflation has made necessary a revision of these theories without their providing any greater proof of credibility. Others, therefore, have tried to give a more global picture of the problems by showing that the structures of our present-day economies give rise to the development of lasting inflationist tensions, or by seeing inflation as both an economic and a social problem, resulting from new structural relations between the economic and social groups. Without taking sides in this theoretical debate the writers of this article stress two facts. Inflation has a considerable effect on social and economic relations, mainly negative as far as individuals are concerned. At the same time, the desire of those in power to solve this problem must make use of credible policies which can not effect a return to price stability without economic and social cost. [fre] L'inflation ne cesse de préoccuper les économistes et les hommes politiques, plus particulièrement ces dernières années. Diverses théories ont tenté de l 'expliquer, elles ont été inspirées par les grands courants de pensée qui traversent la science économique depuis plus d'un siècle. . On a souvent conçu l'inflation comme l'un des éléments du processus d'équilibrage de l'économie ; l'excès de l'offre de monnaie, ou les pressions exercées par les coûts salariaux à proximité du plein-emploi, ont été tour à tour invoqués. Les uns ont donc accusé l'interventionnisme de l'Etat dans le domaine monétaire, les autres l'insuffisance de cette intervention dans le contrôle des salaires, ou plus généralement des revenus et des prix. La persistance, depuis plusieurs années, de la coexistence de taux de chômage et de taux d'inflation élevés a nécessité une révision de ces théories qui n'a pas apporté d'éléments décisifs de crédibilité. D'autres ont alors essayé de donner des vues plus globales du problème, en montrant que les structures de nos économies contemporaines sont favorables au développement de tensions inflationnistes durables, ou en posant l'inflation comme un problème à la fois économique et social, résultant de relations structurelles nouvelles entre les groupes économiques et sociaux. Sans trancher ce débat théorique, les auteurs mettent l'accent sur deux faits : l'inflation a des effets importants sur les relations économiques et sociales, dont l'aspect négatif pour les personnes est prépondérant ; mais aussi, la volonté des gouvernants de résoudre ce problème ne peut passer que par des politiques crédibles, par lesquelles le retour à la stabilité des prix ne peut en aucun cas s'opérer sans coûts économiques et sociaux.

Suggested Citation

  • R. S. Thorn & R. Bernard, 1976. "L'état actuel des théories de l'inflation devant l'inflation des théories," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 113(1), pages 3-14.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_113_1_2416
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1976.2416
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1976.2416
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