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La politique agricole en Chine : une esquisse de son évolution

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  • P. K. Steidlmayer

Abstract

[eng] Agricultural policy in china and its evolution - In 1976 China is to begin its fifth five year plan. The first five year plan was published in 1956 (its fourth year) and in the same year proposals for the second plan were made known ; nothing else has been published concerning the subsequent plans themselves. It is difficult to know what official policy is. However there have been numerous, though scattered, reports on the situation of agriculture in various regions of the country over the past years. Most of these reports are of model areas. Model reports seems to constitute a political literary genre proper to the Chinese. This paper discusses the function of models and uses model reports as the principal heuristic device in sketching the development of policy. . The whole discussion of present policy is placed in the context of the basic problems which Chinese agriculture faced in the thirties and forties as well as the serious crisis at the end of the fifties. . Present policy gives primacy to the development of agriculture. The position of the central government is primarily one of supporting agriculture ; agriculture is done on the local levels. There are five areas in which this support is manifested : finance, commerce, planning, socialist management and productive inputs. In each of these areas of macroeconomic policy, central government activity in the past fifteen years has shifted to a more vigorous support of agriculture. . On the microeconomic level, local units are to be integrated into the above systems. Local policies are characterized by intensive use of labor, soil and water conservation, introduction of new techniques and inputs, diversification of the local economy, self reliance with repsect to capital and labor, and socialist management. [fre] En 1976, la Chine sera sur le point de commencer son 5eme Plan quinquennal. Le premier plan quinquennal fut rendu public en 1956 au cours de sa 4eme année ; la même année furent révélées certaines directives concernant le second plan quinquennal, aucune autre information concernant les plans eux-mêmes ne fut publiée. Il est difficile de savoir en quoi consiste la politique officielle, bien que l'on dispose de nombreux rapports sur la situation de l'agriculture de diverses régions au cours de ces dernières années. La plupart de ces rapports ont trait à des zones modèles. Ce type de rapport semble constituer un genre littéraire typiquement chinois. Ces publications analysent le rôle des zones modèles et constituent l'instrument privilégié de la mise en œuvre d'une politique de développement. . Toute la discussion de la politique agricole actuelle se situe dans le contexte des problèmes fondamentaux auxquels l'agriculture chinoise se trouve confrontée au cours des années trente ou des années quarante, ou de la crise sérieuse qui a marqué la fin des années cinquante. . La politique actuelle accorde la priorité au développement de l'agriculture. Le Gouvernement central soutient l'agriculture qui est administrée au niveau local. Ce soutien est évident à cinq niveaux : financement, commerce, plan, gestion socialiste et fourniture de facteurs de production. Pour chacun de ces domaines de la politique agricole, le Gouvernement central a accru son aide à l'agriculture au cours de ces quinze dernières années. . Au niveau micro-économique, les unités de production doivent être intégrées dans le système général. Elles se caractérisent par un usage intensif du facteur travail, conservation des sols et des eaux, mise en œuvre de nouvelles techniques et de nouveaux facteurs de production, diversification, auto-suffisance en matière de travail et de capital, et gestion socialiste.

Suggested Citation

  • P. K. Steidlmayer, 1976. "La politique agricole en Chine : une esquisse de son évolution," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 112(1), pages 67-74.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_112_1_2414
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1976.2414
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1976.2414
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