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Le modèle de la banque mutualiste : la création de valeur au bénéfice des clients ?

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  • Dominique Garabiol

Abstract

[eng] Cooperative Banking : Is Added Value Created for the Customer ? . Initially created to secure the funding of specialized sectors or industries, cooperative banks have developed an added value distribution pattern between themselves and the associated members whereas keeping flexible capitalistic tools. Since the late 1950s, their customer basis has widespread dramatically and the French banking law of 1984, which set up the legal framework of universal banking, made them face two challenges : internal modernization to fit with the new competition on their historical markets and efficient strategic planning to break onto new business lines or new markets despite their new competitor disadvantages. They try to achieve these targets by using and harnessing capitalistic structures and mechanisms (shareholder incorporation, listing on financial markets...). Hence ambiguous targets of added value distribution and Group « heads » having to deal with conflicts of interests. . Classification JEL : G20, G21, G32, G34, G35, G38. [fre] Historiquement créées pour assurer le financement de catégories professionnelles spécialisées, les banques mutualistes ont développé un modèle de répartition de la création de valeur entre elles-mêmes et leurs sociétaires tout en bénéficiant de quelques soupapes de nature capitalistique. À partir de la fin des années 1950, leur clientèle s’est élargie, et la loi bancaire de 1984, en consacrant le modèle de la banque universelle, les a conduites à affronter un double défi : se moderniser pour répondre à la concurrence sur leurs marchés historiques, et adopter des stratégies efficaces pour entrer dans de nouveaux métiers ou conquérir de nouveaux marchés en cumulant les désavantages des nouveaux entrants. Elles l’ont fait en essayant d’instrumentaliser des structures et des mécanismes capitalistiques (sociétés par actions, cotations boursières...). Ceci a mené à des ambiguïtés d’objectifs de répartition de la création de valeur qui exposent les têtes de groupe à des conflits d’intérêts. . Classification JEL : G20, G21, G32, G34, G35, G38.

Suggested Citation

  • Dominique Garabiol, 2012. "Le modèle de la banque mutualiste : la création de valeur au bénéfice des clients ?," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 106(2), pages 139-151.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2012_num_106_2_5946
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    JEL classification:

    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • G35 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Payout Policy
    • G38 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • G35 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Payout Policy
    • G38 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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