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Faut-il toujours plus limiter la responsabilité et transférer le risque pour financer l’industrie ?

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  • Richard Arena

Abstract

[eng] Is it Necessary to Limit Liability Always More and to Transfer Risk Always More in Order to Finance the Economy ? . This contribution investigates the role played by credit during business cycles as well as financial and economic crises. More specifically, we will focus on credit demand behavior but also on the evolving institutional rules which favour and limit this demand as far as the organization of the financial and banking system is concerned. The theory and the history of business cycles can both be very useful from this standpoint. Credit excesses and the importance of the leverage effect are notnewphenomena but they exerted their influences in a majority of business cycles which took place in different parts of the XIXth century. These historical and analytical investigations do provide adequate tools for an analysis of the formation of a collective belief according to which the permanent reinforcement of the limitation of corporate liability and of the risk transfer is the condition of an efficient system of financing and funding. From this standpoint, after having recalled the importance attributed by Clément Juglar to credit in the explanation of business cycles, the contribution focuses on the financial and economic crises of 1866, 1882, 1929 and 2007, and draws some general conclusions allowing a better understanding of the weight of credit excesses in the origin of crises. . Classification JEL : E32, G20, G21, K22. [fre] Cet article s’interroge sur le rôle joué par le crédit dans le déroulement des cycles d’affaires et des crises économiques et financières. Plus précisément, il s’agit de porter l’attention sur les comportements microéconomiques de recours au crédit, mais aussi sur les règles institutionnelles évolutives qui contraignent et favorisent ce recours en matière d’organisation du système bancaire et financier. L’excès de crédit et l’importance de l’effet de levier ne sont pas des phénomènes nouveaux mais ont exercé leurs influences respectives dans la plupart des cycles d’affaires qui se sont succédé depuis le début du XIXe siècle. Le rappel et l’analyse historique et théorique de cette récurrence constituent ainsi des moyens privilégiés pour vérifier de façon précise comment l’excès de crédit naît de la croyance collective selon laquelle le renforcement permanent de la limitation de la responsabilité des agents et du transfert du risque conditionne un financement efficace de l’industrie. Après avoir rappelé l’importance accordée au crédit dès le XIXe siècle par Clément Juglar dans la genèse des cycles, la contribution s’intéresse aux crises financières et économiques de 1866, 1882, 1929 et 2007, et tire un certain nombre d’enseignements communs qui permettent de mieux comprendre le poids des excès de crédit dans l’origine des crises. . Classification JEL : E32, G20, G21, K22.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Arena, 2011. "Faut-il toujours plus limiter la responsabilité et transférer le risque pour financer l’industrie ?," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 104(4), pages 107-123.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2011_num_104_4_5898
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2011.5898
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2011.5898
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    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • K22 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Business and Securities Law
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • K22 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Business and Securities Law

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