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L'architecture du système européen d'échange de quotas : un « Bretton Woods » environnemental

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  • Romain Frémont

Abstract

[eng] The European carbon market : an environmental Bretton Woods . At the prospect of the Kyoto Protocol, the EU implemented its own emissions trading scheme in January 2005. The rationale behind emissions trading is to ensure that the required overall emission reductions take place where the cost of the reduction is lowest in order to save on greenhouse gases emissions credits and to sell them. Conversely, the actors who can’t reduce enough their emissions have to purchase allowances on this market. The Kyoto Protocol and the European Directive created an environmental Bretton Woods with closely linked international currencies. These international agreements set up an original public/private market which would be copied elsewhere in the world. . JEL classification : Q54, Q58 [fre] Anticipant la mise en place du marché des permis d’émission institué par le Protocole de Kyoto, l’Union européenne a mis en place, en janvier 2005, son propre système d’échange de quotas de gaz à effet de serre. Le principe en est simple : inciter les acteurs dont le coût de dépollution est le plus faible à effectuer des réductions de leurs émissions afin d’économiser des quotas pour ensuite les revendre aux acteurs qui en ont besoin. À l’inverse, les acteurs qui ne peuvent réaliser les réductions suffisantes sont amenés à se procurer des quotas sur le marché. C’est une sorte de « Bretton Woods environnemental » qui est instauré avec le Protocole de Kyoto et la Directive européenne, avec un système de monnaies internationales plus ou moins liées les unes aux autres. Ces accords internationaux établissent une structure de marché public-privé tout à fait inédite qui devrait faire des émules à travers le monde. . Classification JEL : Q54, Q58

Suggested Citation

  • Romain Frémont, 2006. "L'architecture du système européen d'échange de quotas : un « Bretton Woods » environnemental," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 83(2), pages 31-45.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2006_num_83_2_3998
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2006.3998
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2006.3998
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    JEL classification:

    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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