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Comment fonder juridiquement le pouvoir des autorités de régulation ?

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  • Marie-Anne Frison-Roche

Abstract

[eng] What legal legitimacy for a financial Authority ? . The financial authority, independant of the goverment and with quasi executive, legislative and judicial power, is like a monster in the french political system, but it could not be another way : the market regulator does not depend on the government because the latter, means of Treasury, is also an actor on the market. The principle of impartiality must prevail, but we need to find a new type of legitimacy to root the Authority’s power. It could come from the market itself. The foundation would be the contract between market and Authority. But the Authority must be able to overturn the will of the place, indeed to serve other interests. We can propose a legitimacy by rhetorical logic : the financial Authority may exercise its power legitimately because it is the arena which receives the arguments of different interests, adjudicates them, and would take decisions based on proof of objective and public reasonings. This third objective body would create Law from within the market. The failure to establish this would destroy the Authority’s legitimacy. . Classification JEL : G18, G20 [fre] L’autorité de régulation financière, indépendante du gouvernement et dotée de pouvoirs quasi éxécutifs, législatifs et judiciaires, apparaît comme un monstre dans l’organisation politique française, mais il ne peut en être autrement, parce que l’organe qui régit le marché ne peut plus dépendre du gouvernement dès l’instant que celui-ci, par le Trésor notamment, est acteur du marché. L’exigence de l’impartialité du régulateur prévaut mais cela conduit à chercher un nouveau type de légitimité pour fonder la puissance de l’Autorité. Celle-ci pourrait venir du marché lui-même. Le fondement serait alors le contrat, passé entre le marché et l’autorité. Mais l’autorité doit pouvoir contrarier la place, voire servir d’autres intérêts. On peut alors proposer une légitimité de type rhétorique : l’autorité de régulation exerce légitimement ses pouvoirs parce qu’elle est le lieu qui reçoit les arguments propres aux différents intérêts, qu’elle les met en balance et qu’elle prend position en faisant preuve, notamment par la motivation, de son statut de tiers impartial à l’intérieur même du marché ; c’est la défaillance de cette qualité-là qui ruinerait la légitimité de l’autorité. . Classification JEL : G18, G20

Suggested Citation

  • Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, 2000. "Comment fonder juridiquement le pouvoir des autorités de régulation ?," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 60(5), pages 85-101.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2000_num_60_5_3648
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2000.3648
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2000.3648
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    JEL classification:

    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General

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