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Des gains incertains : la libéralisation financière dans les pays méditerranéens

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  • Daniel Ottolenghi

Abstract

[eng] Uncertain Gains : Liberalizing the Financial Sector in Mediterranean Countries . This article analyses financial sector reforms that have been implemented in a number of Mediterranean countries during the last decade, which carries risks as well as benefits. In none of these countries were initial conditions propitious for rapid liberalisation. Nevertheless Egypt and Turkey liberalised rapidly, the latter suffering two financial crises, while Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia adopted a more prudent approach. With the possible exception of Jordan, the current situation is a cause for concern because bank supervision remains weak in what are now liberalised financial systems, so that the risk of financial instability increases. The main problem is forbearance towards state-owned banks who have large bad loan portfolios, more often than not loans to state owned enterprises. [fre] Cet article analyse la réforme du secteur financier entreprise par un certain nombre de pays méditerranéens au cours de la décennie écoulée, ce qui comporte à la fois des risques et des avantages. Les conditions de départ propices à une libéralisation rapide n’étaient réunies dans aucun de ces pays. Néanmoins, l’Égypte et la Turquie ont pourtant avancé rapidement sur la voie de la libéralisation, cette dernière connaissant pendant ce processus deux crises financières, tandis que la Jordanie, le Maroc et la Tunisie ont adopté une approche plus prudente. Hormis peut-être en Jordanie, la situation actuelle est inquiétante car la surveillance bancaire reste insuffisante au sein de systèmes financiers aujourd’hui libéralisés, de sorte que le risque d’instabilité financière s’accroît. Le principal problème est celui de l’indulgence à l’égard des banques publiques qui détiennent d’importants portefeuilles de créances douteuses, qui, le plus souvent, correspondent à des prêts à des entreprises publiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Ottolenghi, 1999. "Des gains incertains : la libéralisation financière dans les pays méditerranéens," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 52(2), pages 163-184.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1999_num_52_2_3537
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1999.3537
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1999.3537
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