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La déréglementation financière au Japon

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  • Alain Guillouët

Abstract

[eng] Financial deregulation in Japan . The Big Bang, which was announced by the Prime Minister by the end of 1996 but has been studied by the Government since 1995, is currently welcomed by foreign players with a bit of scepticism. However, it appears to be promising and also provides a schedule, which is something that has not happened before. It provides a timing for freeing market operations, creating easily and freely new financial instruments, suppressing regulation of stock exchange commissions and, by promoting the system's opening up, it leaves aside all measures limiting specialised branches' activities. All this is to be settled at latest by the beginning of budgetary year 1999. Moreover, universal banking seems to be taking shape. Thanks to it, banks will be able to manage directly trust related matters and securities, while security firms will be able to deal with deposits. Finally, anti- monopoly legislation aiming at authorising holdings setting up in all fields of the financial activity should introduce a new kind of relationship among players. If this deregulation plan is to be welcomed, it is important not to conceal its negative aspects. Japanese banks and security firms, as well as some life- insurance companies, remain very weak and the introduction of ever increasing competition could have fatal consequences on some of them. At the same time, the new Japanese financial framework also entails new risks and, for the time being, the discussion on the adaptation of the prudential framework seems to be behind schedule. [fre] Le « Big-Bang », annoncé par le Premier ministre à la fin de l'année 1996, mais étudié depuis 1995 par le gouvernement, est sous sa forme actuelle accueilli par les acteurs étrangers avec un certain scepticisme. Pourtant il apparaît comme prometteur et offre l'avantage de fixer un calendrier, ce qui n'était pas le cas les fois précédentes. Il programme la libéralisation des activités de marché et la facilité de créer librement des instruments financiers nouveaux, la suppression de la réglementation des commissions dans les activités de bourse et, approfondissant l'effort de décloisonnement du système, l'abandon de toutes les mesures restreignant les activités des filiales spécialisées, tout cela devant être réglé au plus tard au début de l'année budgétaire 1999. Plus encore, une ébauche de banque universelle semble prendre forme avec la possibilité qui devrait être offerte aux banques de gérer en direct des activités de titres et de fiducie et aux maisons de titres de développper des activités de dépôt. Enfin, la révision de la loi anti-monopole visant à autoriser la formation de holdings dans tous les domaines d'activité de la finance devrait introduire une nouvelle forme de relations entre acteurs. Si ce plan de déréglementation doit être considéré comme bienvenu, il ne faut pas en masquer les aspects négatifs. Les banques et maisons de titres japonaises, de même que certaines compagnies d'assurance-vie, demeurent très fragiles et l'introduction d'une concurrence accrue pourrait être fatale à certaines d'entre elles. En même temps, la nouvelle configuration de la sphère financière japonaise est porteuse de risques nouveaux et pour le moment, la réflexion sur l'adaptation du cadre prudentiel accuse un certain retard.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Guillouët, 1997. "La déréglementation financière au Japon," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(5), pages 81-115.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1997_num_43_5_2373
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1997.2373
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1997.2373
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